ε refers to the dielectric constant of an object, which is the main parameter reflecting the dielectric or polarization properties of piezoelectric smart materials under the action of electrostatic field, and is usually expressed by ε. Different uses of piezoelectric elements have different requirements for the dielectric constant of piezoelectric smart materials. When the shape and size of piezoelectric smart materials are fixed, the dielectric constant c is determined by measuring the inherent capacitance CP of piezoelectric smart materials.

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Dielectric constant is a measure of the ability of a substance to increase the capacitance of a capacitor relative to vacuum. The dielectric constant increases with the increase of molecular dipole moment and polarizability.

In chemistry, dielectric constant is an important property of solvents, which represents the ability of solvents to dissolve solute molecules and isolate ions. Solvents with large dielectric constant have great ability to separate ions and strong solvation energy.