English letters are derived from Latin letters, Latin letters from Greek letters, and Greek letters from Phoenician letters. Phoenician letters were deeply influenced by ancient Egyptian sacred characters. During the new kingdom of ancient Egypt, the Phoenician base was ruled by Egypt for most of the time, and the Phoenicians were deeply influenced by Egyptian culture.

In the 3rd century BC/KLOC-0, Phoenicians created the first alphabet in human history, with 22 letters (no vowels). This is the great contribution of Phoenicians to human culture. The Phoenician alphabet is the beginning of the world alphabet. In the west, it originated from the ancient Greek alphabet and developed into Latin alphabet and Slavic alphabet.

Greek and Latin letters are the basis of all western letters. In the East, it originated from Aramaic alphabet and evolved from the letters of India, Arabia, Hebrew, Persia and other countries. The Uyghur, Mongolian and Manchu letters in China also evolved from this.

Around the 6th century, English began to be written in the Anglo-Saxon era.

At that time, Roman Catholic missionaries were responsible for recording the native languages of local residents. The problem they faced was that there were more than 40 different phonemes in English (that is, Old English) at that time, but they only had 23 Roman letters (there were no J, U and W at that time), so they could not correspond to each other one by one.

Therefore, they tried many different methods, such as adding letters, adding phonetic symbols to letters, connecting two letters and so on. In order to correspond to different pronunciations, 27 letters and some spelling rules of old English have gradually formed.

1066 After the Norman Conquest, many documents were in French. They gave up some spelling rules they didn't like, introduced some new rules from French and made some new exceptions for different situations. This greatly changed the spelling and usage of English at that time. Some letters have been abolished and some have been changed into 26 modern English letters.

Extended data;

Around the 6th century, English began to be written in the Anglo-Saxon era. At that time, Roman Catholic missionaries were responsible for recording the native languages of local residents. The problem they faced was that there were more than 40 different phonemes in English at that time, but they only had 23 Roman letters in their hands, which could not correspond to each other.

So, they tried many different methods, such as adding letters, adding phonetic symbols to letters, connecting two letters to correspond to different sounds, and gradually formed 27 letters (later evolved into 26 letters in modern English) and some spelling rules. At that time, there were also cases of abnormal spelling, but there were fewer old English words, about 50 thousand, so the problem was not obvious.

After the Norman conquest, many documents were in French. They gave up some spelling rules they didn't like, introduced some new rules from French and made some new exceptions for different situations.

Reference source; Baidu encyclopedia-English letters