How to Learn Math Well in Senior One (1)
The first-year students are still in the perceptual knowledge of the basic elements and concepts of mathematics in the first grade of primary school, so the focus is on interest cultivation. Let children be interested in mathematics, and children will have it? The best teacher? You can save a lot of energy in your future study.
However, although cultivating interest is the main thing, it is also necessary to master basic knowledge properly. So, what basic knowledge of mathematics should be mastered in the first grade of primary school? 1. Is it interesting to know numbers (1)? 0?
? High school 0? Can you say no? 0? Can participate in the calculation? 0? Play the role of a placeholder in a number. 0? Can represent the starting point, indicating 0 degrees.
(2) Cardinality and ordinal number
When expressing the number of objects, use the cardinal number; Ordinal numbers are used to indicate the order in which objects are arranged. Cardinality is different from ordinal number. Cardinality represents the number of objects, and ordinal number represents the arrangement order of objects. Second, count.
(A) the number of simple graphics
When counting the number of randomly placed objects or a certain type of graphics, all objects should be marked with serial numbers first, and the designated graphics can be observed and counted according to the serial numbers. Note that for the same object, the observation results will be different from different angles. Therefore, when counting simple figures, we should be good at observing and analyzing problems from different angles. (B) the number of complex graphics
When calculating complex graphics, you can calculate by size. (3) Counting
Count according to the requirements of conditions.
Third, compare one.
When the two compared objects are arranged neatly, it is easy to compare who is more and who is less by using the method of line ratio. If the two objects to be compared are arranged in disorder, they can be compared by counting. The method of subsection proportion can also be adopted.
Fourth, do it yourself.
A pendulum.
Be good at finding different methods.
(2) move it.
Fifth, find the law.
(A) the pattern of change
Observing the change of graphics, we can start with the shape, position, direction, quantity, size and color of graphics to find the law.
(2) Sequence law
A sequence is a series of numbers arranged according to certain rules. How to find the law of known sequence and fill in the specified number according to the law is the key to solve the problem. (3) the law of the table
Fill in some numbers in a fixed position of a figure according to a certain law, and then arrange the filled figures according to this law. It is the key to solve the problem to find the law from the given graph and fill in the graph according to the law. 6. Fill in the Form (1) Fill in the figures.
The given formulas are a group, and the same figure in different formulas has the same number. When doing these questions, don't be satisfied with just filling in one answer, but find all the answers. If there is no need to list them one by one, explain them. This is a complete and correct answer. (2) Fill in the symbols
To compare the size of two numbers, we must first compare the digits of two numbers, and the number with more digits is larger; Secondly, when two numbers have the same number of digits, the number with the largest number on the same number of digits becomes larger from the high position. When the same number of digits are the same, the two numbers are equal.
The method of comparing the sizes of two formulas is:
(1) Add (or subtract) 1 equal numbers to the same number, and the results are equal;
(2) Adding two different numbers to the same number, the greater the added number, the greater the result of that formula;
(3) Subtract two different numbers from the same number. The smaller the number, the greater the result of that formula;
(4) If two different numbers are subtracted from the same number, the greater the minuend, the greater the result of this formula. Seven, reasonable.
When doing math problems, every step should have a reason, think clearly and say it.
Eight, application questions
A simple application problem consists of known conditions and problems. Generally, the meaning of the question is stated first, and then the formula is listed.
How to Learn Math Well in Senior One (2)
For children, the first grade mathematics is the primary stage of learning, and the quality of learning at this stage has an inestimable impact on children's future learning. As a first-grade math teacher and parents of children, we must help them learn math well.
Develop good study habits
If children don't develop good study habits, their academic performance will definitely not be good. As soon as children enter the first grade, they should pay close attention to the education of forming good study habits. Good study habits are the premise of learning mathematics well.
1. Cultivate the habit of learning mathematics independently
Parents are children's first teachers. When children learn for the first time, they should be strictly regulated. From the first grade of primary school, parents should cultivate their children's habit of autonomous learning, especially their homework. For example, in order to create a good autonomous learning environment for children, parents only read books when their children are doing their homework at home. When their children are doing their math homework, parents can take away their children's textbooks and treat their homework like exams. When checking homework, parents can finish it with their children and let them look through the books for leaks.
2. Cultivate the habit of learning mathematics effectively.
Laziness in homework is a problem for children who have just entered the first grade. For children who have no sense of time, it is necessary for parents to formulate some tough policies, such as completing homework within the specified time.
Educate children not to eat or do homework while watching TV, otherwise they will be distracted and absent-minded in class.
3. Cultivate the habit of actively learning mathematics
Nowadays, parents are keen to arrange their children's study life, such as how to go home after school, how to spend holidays, how to make study plans and so on. It is easy to cause children's resentment. The root cause is disrespect for their personality. Parents should make a study plan with their children, let them participate in the study plan, and return the decision to their children. If the study plan is not effectively implemented within two weeks, the parents will come forward and make suggestions. In this process, parents try to avoid stimulating their children's learning by means of physical rewards, which is easy to form bad habits and is not conducive to active learning.
Let children do what they can, not just let them study, but other things are arranged by their parents, so that they can suffer hardships and suffer setbacks, which can cultivate their spirit of hard work.
Cultivate interest in learning mathematics
Interest is the biggest motivation for learning and seeking knowledge, and the cultivation of interest plays a very important role in the whole learning process of children learning mathematics.
1. Join the game to increase interest.
Interesting math games will attract children to learn math like magnets, meet their learning needs, and stimulate their learning motivation and interest to the maximum extent.
For example: tutor? Division and combination of 8? This part of the content can be told to children like this: Mom, here is a bag. There are some photos in the bag. Let's play a game first: the number of pictures you take out of your bag. Then tell mom the number of pictures you took out, and mom will soon know how many pictures are left in the bag, believe it? Do you want to try playing games with parents and children twice in a row? Then the mother said to the child:? Why does mom guess accurately and quickly? Can you guess the secret (there are 8 pictures in the bag)? Finally, the mother told the child: Because the mother knew there were eight pictures in the bag, she came up with several pictures according to the composition of eight. ? This kind of game can increase children's interest in learning mathematics.
2. Contact life and stimulate interest
Mathematics guidance should fully consider the life experience and existing knowledge of first-year students, so that children have more opportunities to learn and understand mathematics from familiar things around them, feel the interest and role of mathematics, and have a sense of intimacy with mathematics.
For example, there are three blackbirds on a tree, and two others are flying. How many birds are there in a tree? Mom bought five apples, you ate two, how many are left? Wait, when the child says how much to add and subtract, she will immediately praise her and ask her how to use addition and subtraction, so that students can know how much to find a * * *, that is, how many are added up and calculated by addition. Find out how much is left, that is, remove a few from a few and calculate it by subtraction. Such regular training can not only cultivate students' oral expression ability, but also cultivate children's flexibility and agility in thinking, so that children will feel comfortable in their future studies.
5. Step into life and consolidate your interest
For example, when teaching the unit "Numbers in Life", we can start with students' experience of counting objects in their daily lives for the cardinal meaning of natural numbers. As for the ordinal meaning, students can queue up and count where they are; You can also count which floor your family lives on, from left to right and from right to left on the same floor.
Effective consultation methods
Tutoring children in math can be flexible, not just sitting on a stool at home. As long as you are with your children, you can let them think about what they have seen and heard, and you can find math problems. Not only talk about book knowledge, but also put forward practical problems or problems encountered in daily life for him to think about; Not only write calculations, but also cultivate children's ability to operate experiments.
1. Ask questions flexibly to stimulate children's thinking.
Many parents help their children learn math, just a few boring math problems, so that children will get bored easily and have no interest in math. How much is 3+7? How about 7+3? How about 8+2? At this time, if you complement the question in turn: which two numbers add up to 10? How many such formulas are there? Is it regular? Let children find the rules: 0+ 10, l+9, 2+8, 3+7 10+0, and then the sum of those two numbers equals 1 1 7. How many formulas are there? Then it is proposed that the sum of two numbers is equal to 1 00. How many lines can this formula be compiled? These questions can cultivate children's ability to explore mathematical laws.
2. Hands-on operation, let children experience and understand.
In order to test children's intelligence, parents will ask their children: a rectangular piece of paper has four corners. How many corners are left after cutting one corner? Children will blurt it out. Three? . At this time, parents should not tell their children the answer, but let them cut it themselves. When I cut it, I found five corners. Keep cutting and see if you can cut three. This joy goes without saying when the child cuts three corners along the diagonal.
5. Use nursery rhymes to help you remember.
Children's songs are simple in image, strong in rhythm and easy to remember, and are deeply loved by children. They are a literary form that students can easily understand and accept. When boring mathematical formulas and rules make students feel? Tired of learning? When the time comes, the key and difficult points in the textbook will be compiled into children's songs to make math knowledge? Live broadcast? Get up. When learning the number 1-l 0, it is difficult to write and remember. So children's songs can be used to help students remember.
1 thin and long like a pencil 2 floating like a duckling 3 listening to sounds like ears 4 floating like a red flag in the wind 5 buying food like a scale hook 6 beeping like a whistle 7 mowing like a sickle 8 twisting like a twist 9 serving rice like a spoon l 0 like ham and eggs.
Do I know each other when I learn to compare numbers? & gt& lt=? No, the students are right? & gt& lt？ Easy to confuse, just use children's songs? Big mouth versus large number versus sharp point versus decimal? Remember, we have broken through the difficulties. Interesting nursery rhymes are catchy and easy to remember, which not only helps to improve students' ability, but also stimulates students' interest in learning.
4. Independent examination, good at thinking
As parents, we should correctly understand the importance of exams in children's learning, and don't blindly value the results of children's homework. The wrong result can only be attributed to? No? 、? Not serious? This will inevitably lead children to a wrong way of learning. The first grade is the beginning grade, which is the starting point for children to learn mathematics systematically. If we can correctly guide children to examine questions, it will accelerate students' thinking in the exam.
As a parent, you can't let your child miss the opportunity to review the questions. Treat every homework of children as another new challenge. When encountering difficulties, listen to him patiently and help find out the reasons. When children have difficulty reviewing questions, you might as well tell them. I don't understand what the topic tells me to do. Let's think about it. ? Let the child tell you the requirements of the topic in his own words, which not only exercises his language expression ability, but also gives him the opportunity to further investigate the meaning of the topic. As parents, we can ask some key words in the topic in time according to the situation to promote their thinking and make them children? Wait? The answer is children? Solution? Problems, successful experiences again and again, will promote children to develop the habit of examining questions.
Senior one (3) How to learn mathematics well
Understand the content and requirements of the first grade mathematics;
The first semester:
Understanding, writing, addition and subtraction of (1) 1 to 10. Including physical diagram, numbers within 10, understanding and writing of numbers within 1 5, addition and subtraction within 5, understanding and writing of numbers of 0 and 0, understanding and writing of numbers from 6 to 10, and continuous addition and subtraction.
(2) How to read and write the numbers from 1 1 to 20. Including: reading and writing the number 1 1 to 20, decimal digits and decimal digits, reading and writing the number 1 1 to 20, and understanding the clock face (you can see the hour).
(3) carry addition and subtraction within 20. Including: simple application problems of carry addition and addition and subtraction within 20.
(4) Understand graphics. A preliminary understanding of rectangle and square. second term
Subtract abdication within (1)20.
(2) How to read and write numbers within 100. Including: counting numbers within 100, understanding the reading and writing methods of numbers within 100, adding and subtracting integer decimal, adding one digit to integer decimal and corresponding subtraction, understanding elements, angles and minutes and simple calculation.
(3) Addition and subtraction within100. Include integer ten plus or minus integer ten, two plus one, integer ten (no carry), two minus one, integer ten (no abdication), two plus one (carry), two minus one (abdication) and two plus two minus two.
(4) Understand graphics. A preliminary understanding of cuboid, cube, cylinder and sphere. 2. Help children master the concept of numbers.
Before entering school, children may know the number within 20, but it doesn't mean they know the actual meaning. Parents can help their children establish the concept of number from the following aspects.
(1) Know the numerical value of a number and establish the concept of radix. Like what? 5? Is it an abstract value that children are required to explain in real life? 5? The actual number of representatives. Like what? There are five pentagrams on the national flag, and each pentagram has five horns? ,? Five fingers in one hand, five people in the family and five apples. ? You can also express some visible continuous quantities, such as pouring 5 glasses of water into a basin, measuring a 5-foot-long hemp rope, and the clock struck 5 times. Let children know that the actual number that an abstract number may represent is very rich.
(2) Know the ordinal number of a number and establish the concept of ordinal number. Is to know the position and order of a number or an object in a natural sequence or a group of objects. Should know? 7? Are you online? 6? And then what? 8? Middle; 7 is greater than 6, but 7 is less than 8. Train children to practice counting in various ways. First of all, according to the order of natural numbers, using points on the number axis to represent numbers is beneficial to the understanding of logarithmic order.
At the same time, we can also use the digital materials in children's lives to make children count backwards, backwards or embedded. Teach children that the number used to represent quantity is called cardinal number. For example, 1, 2, 3 books, 4 cars and 5 cups are called ordinal numbers. Such as the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seats.
(3) Know numbers and master the concept of decimals. Do you know the number within 10? Answer? It's a counting unit. Knowing the number within 20 is the first time that a child has encountered one in every ten. If children know ten, there will be a new big counting unit, namely 10? One? Is it 1? Ten? , 10? Ten? Is it 1? A hundred? Mastering the order and speed of numbers is the basis of reading and writing.
(4) correct reading and writing. When children learn to read and write numbers for the first time, they can visualize the numbers and make up children's songs: 1 like sticks, 2 like ducklings, 3 like ears, 4 like flags and 5 like hooks. 6 is like a light bulb. 7 is like a sickle, 8 is like a handle. Just like whistling, guiding children to write numbers requires strict mastery of each digital pen.
Harmony structure, written correctly, well-proportioned, standardized and fast, can not scribble or reverse the pen, distinguish between confusing 6 and 9, 9 and 7, and focus on practicing the difficult numbers 8 and 0.
(5) correct understanding? 0? Meaning of. If parents ask their children? 0? What does this mean? Children will say. ? 0? It means no. At this time, parents should tell their children that this is not comprehensive. ? 0? It can also display the temperature. At zero degrees Celsius, water freezes. Can you say there is no temperature? You can also specify the starting point, for example, the starting point of the number axis and meter scale is indicated by 0. 0 is before 1. ? 0? It can also take up digits. If you lose 0 or win 0, the number will change.
3. Let children master the composition and decomposition of numbers within 10, and lay a good foundation for addition and subtraction. Master the composition of numbers and establish the concept of number groups. The composition of numbers means that a number consists of several numbers, or that a number has several ways of division. The knowledge of the composition of numbers is the basis of calculating addition and subtraction. The more numbers a child has, the stronger it is, and the more flexible and faster the calculation method will be.
The composition and decomposition of the number within 10 is the basis of the calculation of the number within 20, and the calculation of the number within 20 is the basis of the calculation of multiple digits, so it is very important to guide children to learn the understanding and addition and subtraction of the number within 10.
The mastery of carry addition within 20 also largely depends on the proficiency of students in composition and decomposition within 10. The synthesis and decomposition of the logarithm of carry addition within 20 are almost simultaneous.
4. Strengthen oral arithmetic training to promote the improvement of calculation ability.
The current syllabus requires freshmen to skillfully add and subtract one digit, and add and subtract two digits into whole ten or one digit, which shows that the oral arithmetic training of freshmen is very important. For the number addition and subtraction within 10 and the carry addition and subtraction within 20, the proficiency of blurting out should be achieved through training, and the improvement of oral calculation should be within 1 minute. Generally, it is required to answer 30 questions orally, and excellent students can answer 40 ~ 50 questions orally. I hope that parents can train their children in time with a verbal card.
5. Help children improve their ability to solve simple application problems. The current syllabus requires first-year students to learn to answer simple addition and subtraction application questions according to their meanings. Be able to say the conditions and questions in the topic, understand the relationship between conditions and questions, list the formulas correctly, mark the name of the unit, and dictate the answers. According to this requirement, parents can read the teaching materials and make it clear that the calculation of application problems begins with the students' counting. For example, the picture on the top of the sixth page of the first volume of the mathematics textbook is an application problem, which requires students to say the conditions and questions according to the picture: it means that two children are sweeping the floor and the other child is running to participate. How many children are sweeping the floor at the moment? The conditions are ahead and the problems are behind. Therefore, I hope that parents will cooperate with teachers to do a good job in this area and gradually improve their children's observation ability and oral expression ability.
6. Several problems that should be paid attention to in tutoring advanced mathematics:
(1) If simple application problems (one-step calculation of application problems) are the basis for solving application problems, then two-step calculation of application problems is the key to teaching.
The characteristics of two-step calculation of application problems are: only the problems required by application problems, the two conditions required for solving problems are often known and unknown, that is, the conditions necessary for solving problems are hidden and do not appear in the questions, and this condition belongs to the problems solved by the first step calculation and must be put forward by the problem solver himself. This problem is called intermediate transition problem. This intermediate problem is the key to finding a solution to the problem. Therefore, to teach two-step calculation of applied problems, we must guide children to think about intermediate problems. Below, introduce several methods on the above issues for parents' reference:
① Break it down into two simple application problems to guide students to explore intermediate problems.
Teaching examples? A primary school held a winter sports meeting. There are 524 male athletes, and 87 female athletes are less than male athletes. A * * *, how many athletes are there? Firstly, this problem is decomposed into two continuous simple application problems:
? A primary school held a winter sports meeting. There are 524 male athletes, and 87 female athletes are less than male athletes. How many female athletes are there?
? A primary school held a winter sports meeting. There are 524 male athletes and 524 female athletes (), and one * * * (put the answers to the above questions in brackets as known conditions. )
Through the practice of these two questions, and then compared with the examples, inspire students to say how many female athletes must be found before they can solve the examples. In this way, students can clearly see that to solve the application problem of two-step calculation, we must first come up with the intermediate problem.
② Transform the conditions of simple application problems, derive two-step calculation application problems, and guide children to explore intermediate problems.
The two-step calculation of application problems consists of simple application problems. According to this feature, when teaching the above examples, first guide students to practice a simple application problem:? A primary school held a winter sports meeting. There are 524 male athletes and 437 female athletes. How many athletes are there? 437 female athletes? Change to? There are 87 fewer female athletes than male athletes? Turn it into an example and then guide the students to answer. Finally, parents guide students to analyze the changing conditions and let them see the necessity of asking intermediate questions.
③ Use quantitative relations to guide students to seek intermediate questions. When teaching the above questions, let the students practice a simple application problem: a primary school holds a winter sports meeting. There are 524 male athletes and 437 female athletes. How many athletes are there after practice? Parents can ask: How many athletes do you need to know? What is the quantitative relationship to answer this question? How do students answer? Parents pointed out that the number of male athletes+the number of female athletes = the number of athletes? , and fill in the corresponding figures according to the topic. And change the second condition? There are 87 fewer female athletes than male athletes? Be a role model, corresponding? 437 female athletes? Write it down below with a question mark? There are 87 fewer female athletes than male athletes? . Finally, according to the quantitative relationship, the method of solving intermediate problems is summarized.
The focus of application problem teaching in middle and senior grades is to enable students to master common quantitative relations and learn to solve three-step calculation application problems with comprehensive formulas on the basis of mastering two-step calculation application problems skillfully. The key of three-step compound application problem teaching is to let students master the methods of analyzing quantitative relations, such as analysis and synthesis, and train problem-solving thinking to cultivate children's initial logical thinking ability. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the training of asking more questions, making more changes and solving more questions in counseling, and cultivate their profundity, flexibility and creativity.
When children master the application problems of two or three-step calculation skillfully, they must cooperate with the contents of the textbook. For some common typical application problems (such as water average problem, normalization problem, trip problem, proportional distribution problem, etc.). ) which are relatively stable and have some special quantitative relations, we should also focus on analyzing the basic quantitative relations in these typical application problems, and we must not let children memorize formulas to give questions.
(2) For primary school students, there are two groups of quantitative relations that they are most easily confused. Therefore, parents should cooperate with teachers to do this work well.
In a word, some basic quantitative relations in primary school mathematics, especially the difficult quantitative relations mentioned above, all appear when primary school students learn integer content. In order to consolidate and deepen the understanding of some basic quantitative relations, when children learn decimals and fractions, parents are expected to cooperate with the school to do a good job of consolidation and help children expand their understanding scope and improve their understanding level.
Parents should pay attention to stimulate their children's interest in learning mathematics, inspire their learning consciousness, guide and develop their thinking ability, strengthen their operational training, and make practice perfect.