Mathematics (hanyu pinyin: shùXué；; ; Greek: μ α θ η μ α κ; English: Mathematics or Maths comes from the ancient Greek word μθξμα(máthēma), which means learning, learning and science. Ancient Greek scholars regarded it as the starting point of philosophy and the "foundation of learning". In addition, there is a narrow and technical meaning-"mathematical research".

Even in its etymology, its adjective meaning related to learning will be used to refer to mathematics. Its plural form in English and as the plural form of mathématiques in French +es can be traced back to the Latin neutral plural (Mathematica), which is Cicero's plural from Greek τ α α θ ι α τ κ? (ta mathē matiká).

In ancient China, mathematics was called arithmetic, also called arithmetic, and finally it was changed to mathematics. Arithmetic in ancient China was one of the six arts (called "number" in the six arts). Mathematics originated from the early production activities of human beings, and the ancient Babylonians had accumulated some mathematical knowledge, which could be applied to practical problems.

Mathematical structure (mathematics or mathematics):

Many mathematical objects, such as numbers, functions and geometry, reflect the internal structure of continuous operations or the relationships defined in them. Mathematics studies the properties of these structures, for example, number theory studies how integers are represented under arithmetic operations. In addition, similar things often happen in different structures, which is further abstract.

Then it is possible to describe the state of a class of structures with axioms. What needs to be studied is to find out the structures that satisfy these axioms among all structures. Therefore, we can learn abstract systems such as groups, rings and domains. These studies can form the field of abstract algebra.

Because abstract algebra has great universality, it can often be applied to some seemingly unrelated problems. For example, some problems of drawing rulers and rulers in ancient times were finally solved by Galois theory, which involved the theory of presence and group theory. Another example of algebraic theory is linear algebra, which makes a general study of vector spaces with quantitative and directional elements.