John von neumann is a Hungarian-American, a genius with high IQ and super memory, and the most outstanding mathematician in human history. He is an all-round scientist who has made outstanding contributions not only in the field of modern computers, but also in the fields of game theory, nuclear weapons, chemical and biological weapons and so on. He is the father of modern computer and modern game theory, but such a genius has only lived in this world for 55 years.
192 1 year, john von neumann wrote his first paper, and then he entered the university to study chemistry. In the following four years, Von Neumann registered as a student in the Department of Mathematics of Budapest University, took no classes, only took exams, and obtained a doctorate in mathematics with straight A's. At the same time, john von neumann obtained a degree from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
During the development of ENIAC computer, one day a mathematician was puzzled by a math problem, so a mathematician decided to take his desktop home for research. Mathematicians spent one night, and finally got five special answers on the desktop. The next morning, mathematicians discussed the problem in the office. The mathematician who took the desktop home said: I counted from last night until 4: 30 this morning and finally found five special answers to the question.
At this time, von Neumann just walked into the office and asked: What is more difficult? So someone asked him this question, and von Neumann immediately lost in thought. Five minutes later, he gave four correct answers.
This is why this von Neumann is smart. So what is the basic principle of Von Neumann computer? In fact, it refers to "stored programs and automatic execution programs". Please read on for details.
In 1950s, von Neumann put forward the concepts of five components and stored programs. A computer consists of an input device, a memory, a controller, an arithmetic unit and an output device. Instructions and data can be stored together in the memory, and the program is automatically executed in sequence.
CPU consists of arithmetic unit, controller and register, and data, control and status bus. The working principle of almost all CPU can be divided into four stages: fetching, decoding, executing and writing back. CPU gets instructions from memory or cache, puts them into instruction registers, decodes instructions and executes them. The so-called computer programmability mainly refers to the programming of CPU.
The so-called instruction is a string of binary numbers that specify what the machine does. Instructions are divided into two parts: operation code and operand. The operation code indicates what to do, and the operand indicates where the storage address of data to be processed is. There are 180 instructions in the processor, which are called instruction sets; Machine language can be regarded as a form of convention, which uses processors and registers to operate memory.
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Von Neumann has an amazing memory. At the age of six, he was able to divide eight digits in his brain and mastered ancient Greek. At the age of 65,438+02, he read The Theory of Functions by the French mathematician Bohr. At the age of 65,438+09, he published his own mathematical paper and gave a new definition of ordinal number. At the age of 22, he got a Ph.D. in mathematics and became a tenured professor at Princeton University .. This is an amazing life experience that I can only use. Von Neumann is a leader in the fields of modern computer, game theory, nuclear and biological weapons, and mathematics.
Born in Budapest, Hungary in 1903, von Neumann 1903 was famous for his extraordinary intelligence and memory. The books and papers he read can be repeated word for word, and they will remain so many years later. Jeff Lantsov once recalled that von Neumann, Fermi and Feynman all discussed and calculated together in Taylor's office. Every few minutes, they will pause the discussion and start a round of calculation. Fermi used a slide rule, Feynman used a handheld computer, and Von Neumann only used mental arithmetic. Von Neumann can get similar results to the other two in almost the same time.
Von Neumann is not only one of the most important mathematicians in the 20th century, but also his pioneering contribution to computers deserves to be remembered by all mankind. 1945, von Neumann, Goldstein, Boxer and others jointly published a report with a length of 10 1 page, that is, the famous "10/page report" in computer history, which is one of the developments of modern computer science. The report clearly stipulates that the decimal operation is replaced by binary, and the computer is divided into five parts (arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input and output equipment), and the functions and relationships of these five parts are described. This excellent idea laid the foundation for the logical structure design of electronic computers and became the basic principle of computer design. The storage, speed, the choice of basic instructions and the design of line interaction in modern computers are all deeply influenced by von Neumann's thought.
Von Neumann is a glutton, and his wife Clara once said, "He can count everything except calories." Von Neumann often works in a noisy environment, and he makes a little noise from time to time. For example, when he was in Princeton, he loved to play German marches on the phonograph and turned up the volume, which made his neighbors miserable and had to complain about him, including Einstein. However, despite his defects, von Neumann is still one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.