Under each of the following questions, there are five alternative answers: A, B, C, D and E. Please choose the best answer and black the box with the letter corresponding to the corresponding question number on the answer sheet.
1. The normal extracellular Na+ concentration is about the intracellular Na+ concentration.
A. 1 time
B.5 times
C. 12 times
D. 18 times
E.2 1 time
2. The relationship between stimulation intensity and stimulation time is
A. When the stimulation intensity is less than the basic intensity, prolonging the stimulation time can cause tissue excitement.
B. When the stimulation intensity is equal to the basic intensity, shortening the stimulation time can cause tissue excitement.
C. When the stimulation time is equal to the duration, the stimulation intensity is the basic level, which can cause tissue excitement.
D. When the stimulation time is less than the duration, no matter how strong the stimulation is, it can't cause tissue excitement.
E. None of the above statements.
3. When the organization is in the absolute refractory period after excitement, its excitability is
A. zero
B. infinity
C. Above normal level
D. Below normal level
E. equal to normal
4. The resting potential is close to
A. sodium equilibrium potential
B. Potassium equilibrium potential
C. sum of sodium equilibrium potential and potassium equilibrium potential
D. the difference between sodium equilibrium potential and potassium equilibrium potential
E. the difference between spike potential and overshoot
5. Stimulate a single nerve fiber with threshold intensity with intracellular electrodes, and its current direction should be
A. Introversion
B. eversion
C. rapid alternation of inward and outward.
D. both internal and external currents can be used.
E. the internal and external currents are equal.
6. When the motor nerve is excited, the number of ions entering the axon endings is directly proportional to the number of vesicles released.
A. calcium ion
B. magnesium ions
C. sodium ions
D.K+
E. chlorine-
7. The basic functional unit of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation is
A. myofibrils
B. sarcomere
C. muscle fibers
D. thick myofilament
E. thin filament
8. When skeletal muscle contracts, where does the calcium pump transport Ca2+ released into sarcoplasmic fluid?
A. horizontal pipeline
B. muscle fiber membrane
C. mitochondrial membrane
D. sarcoplasmic omentum
E. rough endoplasmic reticulum
9. Which of the following does not belong to the physiological characteristics of smooth muscle?
A. vulnerable to various body fluid factors
B. it doesn't show stripes like skeletal muscle and myocardium.
C. the structure of filaments contains troponin.
D. sarcoplasmic reticulum is not as developed as skeletal muscle
E. B-ray similar to skeletal muscle was not found in the cells.
The body fluid volume and blood volume of normal people with body weight 10.50kg are respectively
A.40L and 4L
B.30L and 4L,
C.20 liters and 4 liters
D.30L and 2.5L
20L and 2.5L
1 1. Giant cell anemia is caused by the following reasons.
A. Iron deficiency
B. Lack of iron and protein
C. vitamin Bn and folic acid deficiency
D. erythropoietin deficiency
E. androgen deficiency
12. The substance that starts the exogenous coagulation pathway is
A. thromboplastin
B. autothrombin I
C.PF3
D. calcium ion
E. coagulation factor
13. Blood clot retraction is due to
A. Fibrin contraction in blood clots
B. Red blood cells are overlapped and compressed.
C. white blood cells will be deformed.
D. contraction of platelet contractile protein.
E. Fibrin degradation
14. Blood type usually refers to
A. Types of receptors on red blood cells
B. types of specific lectins on the surface of red blood cells
C. Types of surface specific agglutination of red blood cells
D. types of specific lectins in plasma
E. types of specific agglutination layers in plasma
15. Blood group antibodies are mainly
A.IgG and IgA
B.IgA and lgM
C.IgG and IgM
D.IgG and IgD
E.IgG and IgE
16. Which of the following blood types is difficult to find a suitable donor during blood transfusion?
Type a.o, Rh positive
B.a type, Rh negative
Type c.b, Rh positive
D.AB type, Rh negative
E.ab type, Rh positive
17. Someone's blood cells agglutinate with the serum of type B blood, but their serum does not agglutinate with the blood cells of type B blood. This man
Blood type is
A.a type
B.b type
C.o type
D.ab type
E.b subtype
18. the opening of atrioventricular valve is seen in
A. End-stage isovolumic contraction
B. Early ventricular contraction
C. Isovolumic diastolic seizures
D. initial stage of isovolumic contraction
E. isovolumic end diastole
19. The percentage of stroke output in the following volume is called ejection fraction.
A. Blood return
B. output per minute
C. isovolumic diastolic volume
D. Ventricular end-systolic volume
E. Ventricular end diastolic volume 20. The reason why the normal ventricular function curve has no descending branch is that
A. the resting tension of myocardium is small.
B. the myocardial ductility is very good.
C. myocardial ductility is small.
D. the reserve energy of myocardium is better.
E. myocardial contraction potential is great.
2 1. Which of the following statements about sodium channels in ventricular myocytes is incorrect?
A. Activation and deactivation are very fast.
B, strong selectivity, only Na+ can pass.
C. High permeability
D, activating when depolarization reaches 40mV,
E. blocked by river vein toxin (TTX)
22. The effective refractory period of ventricular muscle is long and lasts until.
A. Beginning of systolic phase
B. Midsystole
C. Diastolic seizures
D. End diastole
E. after the end of diastole.
23. Which of the following factors leads to ventricular block is wrong?
The depolarization rate of myocardial cells in A.O phase was obviously slowed down.
B. Prolonged myocardial refractory period
C. inactivation of fast sodium channels
D. the absolute value of resting potential refers to increase.
E. the amplitude of the action potential decreases.
24. Acetylcholine affects the electrical activity of myocardial cells by increasing the permeability of myocardial K+ channels. Which of the following effects does not exist?
A. the absolute value of resting potential increases.
B. the absolute value of the threshold potential increases.
C. the maximum repolarization potential of sinoatrial node also increased.
D. the automatic depolarization speed of sinus node in stage 4 slowed down.
E. the duration of action potential is shortened.
25. The increase in peripheral vascular resistance can be attributed to
A. Sympathetic cholinergic fiber excitation
B. histamine release
C. carbon dioxide and lactic acid increase.
D. Decreased secretion of vasopressin
E. angiotensin ⅱ is elevated.
26. When the human body is in a quiet state, which of the following organs has the biggest difference in oxygen content between arterial blood and venous blood?
A. brain
B. Heart
C. kidney
D. skin
E. skeletal muscle
27. In which of the following cases, the cardiac output can be increased?
A. When the vagus nerve of the heart is excited
B. When arterial blood pressure rises.
C. when changing from the upright position to the recumbent position
D. When the blood pressure in the carotid sinus region rises,
E. When the ventricular end-diastolic volume decreases.
28. Renin-producing cells are renal.
A. proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells
B. epithelial cells of distal convoluted tubules
C. myoepithelioid cells of human globular arterioles
D. Interstitial cells of globular bodies
E. distal convoluted tubule epithelial cells
29. The pressure in pleural cavity is formed by which of the following factors?
A. Atmospheric pressure-inelastic resistance
B. Atmospheric pressure+transpulmonary pressure
C. intrapulmonary pressure+transthoracic pressure
D. Atmospheric pressure-pulmonary contractility
E. Atmospheric pressure+pulmonary contractility
30. When normal people breathe peacefully.
A. expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure > alveolar carbon dioxide partial pressure
B the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveolar gas is about twice that of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
C alveolar water vapor pressure is about 1/2 of alveolar carbon dioxide partial pressure.
D pulmonary artery oxygen partial pressure is about equal to pulmonary vein blood carbon dioxide partial pressure.
E the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveolar gas is higher than that in venous blood (365,438+0). When a normal person takes a deep breath and the ventilation per minute increases by 2 times,
A. the oxygen partial pressure of alveoli will increase by 2 times.
B. arterial oxygen saturation will increase by 2 times.
C arterial oxygen saturation will increase 10%.
D. alveolar ventilation must also be increased by 2 times.
E.none of the above is true
32. Digestive gland cells secrete zymogen granules in the following forms
A. Simple diffusion
B. exchange diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transshipment
E. Extracellular secretion
33. The substance that activates chymotrypsin is
A. acid
B. trypsin
C. interstitial fluid
D. intestinal active enzyme
E. chymotrypsin
34. Secretin can promote gland secretion.
A. a lot of water and carbon. Acid hydrogen salt; But the content of enzyme is relatively small.
B, a small amount of water and bicarbonate, a small amount of enzyme.
Small amount of water and bicarbonate, but rich in enzymes.
D a lot of water, but less bicarbonate and enzymes.
E. A large number of bicarbonate, water and enzymes are also abundant.
35. Which of the following substances is not only an important energy storage substance, but also a direct energy supply substance?
A. Glucose
B. fatty acids
C. creatine phosphate
D. adenosine diphosphate
E. adenosine triphosphate
36. When the body is in a hot environment.
A. completely maintain the thermal balance of the machine body by strengthening heat dissipation.
B. the countercurrent exchange of blood flow is enhanced.
C, the surface layer of blood plays the role of heat insulation.
D. Increased sympathetic nerve tension
E. the metabolic rate of the body is obviously reduced.
37. The most permeable part of urea in the kidney is
A. curvature of proximal tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubes
C. ascending branch of medullary loop
D. fine segment of descending branch of medullary loop
E. bone marrow collection tube
38. The main functions of the proximal medullary unit are
A. release renin
B. Secreting aldosterone
C. releasing antidiuretic hormone
D. excretion of na+and C 1-
E. Concentrate and dilute urine
39. Interaction inhibition is also called.
A. depolarization
B. inhibition of return
C. Dendritic-dendritic inhibition
D. collateral inhibition
E. Presynaptic inhibition
40. Salivation caused by plums was discussed.
A. Sympathetic nerve excitation
B. caused by parasympathetic nerve excitation
C. "activities of the first signal system"
D. activities of the second signal system
E. Unconditional reflex
The main physiological functions of 4 1. vasopressin are
A. make blood vessels contract and maintain blood pressure.
B, reducing the water permeability of the renal collecting duct
C, increase the water permeability of the renal collecting duct.
D. promoting renal reabsorption of sodium.
E. promote potassium excretion and sodium preservation of kidney.
42. Which of the following statements about testicular function regulation is wrong?
A. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) can stimulate spermatogenesis.
B Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone.
C. follicle stimulating hormone helps spermatogenesis.
D. Testosterone binds to androgen globulin to promote meiosis of sperm cells.
E. Testosterone has negative feedback on FSH secretion in adenohypophysis [B 1].
There are several groups of questions below. Each group of questions * * * uses five alternative answers listed in front of the questions: A, B, C, D and E. Please choose an answer that is most closely related to the question, and black the box where the letter corresponding to the corresponding question number belongs on the answer sheet. Alternative answers can be selected once, multiple times or none.
A. main battery
B. parietal cells
C. mucous cells
D. G cells in gastric pyloric mucosa
E. epithelial cells on the surface of gastric mucosa
43. Secretory factors
44. Gastrin secretion
45.HC03- secretion
46. Secretion of hydrochloric acid
47. Secretion of pepsinogen
[A2 type problem]
48. Turmeric as a muscle relaxant is due to
A. it competes with acetylcholine for receptors on the endplate membrane.
B, it increases the permeability of the membrane before connecting Mg2+
C, inhibiting Ca2+ from entering the front membrane of the connector.
D, inhibiting the vesicle from moving to the anterior membrane of the connector.
E, inhibiting the ion channel opening of the end plate membrane.
49. A patient suddenly stood from the supine position, and the blood volume of venous resuscitation decreased, and the stroke output and arterial blood pressure decreased. Which of the following is the reason for the decrease in patient output?
A. Increased ventricular afterload
B. Cardiac vagus nerve excitation
C. Cardiac sympathetic nerve excitation
D. unequal length adjustment
E. equal-length adjustment
50. Newborns develop progressive dyspnea and hypoxia shortly after birth. Diagnosed as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, the main causes are
A. pulmonary surfactant deficiency
B. bronchospasm
C. Pulmonary fibrosis
D. hypoplasia of respiratory center
E. airway obstruction
Answer:
1.B 2。 C 3。 D 4。 B 5。 C 6。 A seven. B 8。 D 9。 D 10。 D 1 1。 C 12。 B 13。 A 14。 E 15. D 16。 E 17. B 18。 E 654 38+09。 C 20。 E 2 1。 A handful of 22. C 23。 D 24。 A handful of 25. C 26。 E 27。 B 28。 C 29。 A 30. B 3 1。 E 32。 B 33。 C 34。 D 35。 D 36。 A 37. C 38。 E 39。 E 40。 E 4 1。 B 42。 A 43. C 44。 C 45。 E 46。 D 47，B 48。 D 49。 B 50。 A