University life is coming to an end, and graduation thesis is a must for graduates. Graduation thesis is a more formal and important form to test students' academic performance. How to write a graduation thesis to attract more attention? The following is the reference format and model essay for your graduation thesis. Welcome to read, I hope you will like it.

I. Types of references

The type of reference (i.e. citation) is identified by a single letter, as follows:

M monograph c paper n newspaper article

Journal paper D paper R report

For files that do not belong to the above types, use the letter "z" to identify them.

For English references, we should also pay attention to the following two points:

① The author's name adopts the principle of "surname comes first, surname comes last", and the specific format is: surname, initials. For example, Malcolm Richard Cowley should be Cowley, M.R. If there are two authors, the way of the first author remains the same. &; After that, the first letter of the second author's first name is put in front, and the last name is put behind. For example, Frank Norris and Owen Gordon should be: Norris, F.&; Gordon;

(2) Titles of books and newspapers are in italics, such as Mastering English Literature and English Weekly.

Second, the format and examples of references

1. Journal

Format [serial number] author. Title [J] Name of publication, year of publication, volume number (issue number): page number.

for instance

Wang Haisu. On the mode of accounting information disclosure [J]. Financial Research, 2004,21(1): 56-58.

[2] Xia Lvhui. Investigation report on graduation thesis teaching in colleges and universities [J]. Science Higher Education, 2004( 1):46-52.

[3] Heider, E.R. & ampD.C.Oliver. Color space structure in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign language teaching and research, 1999, (3): 62–67.

2. Monographs

Format [serial number] author. Title [M]. Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication: page number.

For example, [4] Ge Jiashu and Lin Zhijun. Modern western financial accounting theory [M]. Xiamen: Xiamen University Press, 200 1.42.

[5] Jill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.

3. newspapers

Format [serial number] Author, article title [n], newspaper name, publication date (edition).

for instance

[6] Li Dalun. The importance of economic globalization. Guangming Daily, 1998- 12-27(3).

[7] Frenchman W. Between Silence: Voice from China [N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8- 15(33).

Step 4 try

Format [serial number] author. Title [C]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: starting page number.

for instance

[8] Five Blessingg. Selected western literary theories [C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1979:12-17.

[9] spivak: "Can the common people speak?" Answer. In C. Nelson & Grosberg (editor. ). Victory on the Edge of Hell: Imitation. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.27 1-3 13.

[10] Almarza, g.g. Knowledge growth of foreign language teachers of students [A]. In d. freeman and j. c. richards (editor. ). Teacher learning in language teaching [C]. New york: Cambridge University Press. 1996. Page 50-78.

5. Thesis

Format [serial number] author. Title [D] Place of publication: depositor, year of publication: starting page number.

for instance

Zhang Zhusheng. Invariant set of differential semi-dynamic system [D]. Beijing: Institute of Mathematics, Peking University Department of Mathematics, 1983: 1-7.

6. Research report

Format [serial number] author. Title [R]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: starting page number.

for instance

Feng Xiqiao. LBB Analysis of Pressure Piping and Pressure Vessel of Nuclear Reactor [R]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Research, 1997: 9- 10.

7. Procedures

Format [serial number] Publisher, regulation name and release date

For example, [15] Science and Technology Commission of the People's Republic of China. Measures for the administration of sci-tech periodicals [z]. 099 1-06-05

8. Translation

Format [serial number] Original author. Title [M]. Translation, translation. Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication: page number.

Three. notes

Annotation is a further explanation or supplementary explanation of a specific content in the text of the paper. Notes are marked with circle codes ①, ②, ③, etc.

Four. refer to

References correspond to the notes in the paper (Wang Xiaolong, 2005). The label is within punctuation marks. Many need to be marked, not 1-6, etc. And write side by side.

Attached, model essay

abstract:

The financial management goal of an enterprise is the expected result of the financial management activities determined by the enterprise, while the core financial ability of the enterprise is the ability of sustained profit growth and sustained value-added of the enterprise. Both of them are of great significance to the development of enterprises. This paper mainly studies the present situation of financial management objectives, briefly expounds the content and relationship between financial management and core competitiveness of enterprises, and puts forward corresponding solutions to the problems of financial management and core competitiveness of enterprises, aiming at promoting the smooth development of financial management of enterprises.

Key words:

Financial management objectives; Financial core competence; enterprise

With the deepening of market economic system reform in China, the level of economic development has been significantly improved. Enterprises should pay more attention to the quality of financial reports, provide an important guarantee for the authenticity and accuracy of financial information, and maximize the economic benefits of enterprises. However, there are many problems in the financial management of Chinese enterprises at this stage. For example, corporate financial reports can't keep up with the pace of economic development and can't provide important theoretical support for corporate decision makers, which directly affects the quality and efficiency of corporate financial management. In the process of enterprise development, enterprises need to complete their financial management objectives in a certain period of time and keep consistent with their development objectives in order to promote the realization of their management objectives.

First, the status quo of traditional financial management objectives

(1) Regardless of the impact of planned economy on business risks, in the process of economic development, the management of Chinese enterprises always needs to be carried out around the overall plan, and the realization of enterprise goals depends on various regulations promulgated by the state to a certain extent, so as to truly implement financial management goals. At present, most enterprise leaders and financial managers are not fully aware of the risks in the process of enterprise development. For example, some enterprises have dismantled most of their branches and scrapped relatively high-priced factories and machinery and equipment. However, the enterprise did not count the scrapped fixed assets, which led to a big gap with the actual price. Although some enterprises have made corresponding improvements and made appropriate adjustments to the management mode at this stage, the overall financial work of enterprises is quite out of touch with the management of fixed assets, which directly affects the follow-up of enterprises.

(2) The financial management system needs to be improved. Affected by the planned economy, China's current enterprise management has long lacked sufficient research and prediction on its own operating conditions, which directly leads to unrealistic profits. Although all enterprises have set management objectives in the process of financial management, and then carry out financial analysis, planning, budgeting and control, there are few contents in decision-making, which leads to many problems in the actual work of enterprise financial management. For example, enterprises should establish a complete and scientific system to deal with the purchase and scrapping of fixed assets, and then carry out production and operation after passing the system. In addition, in the process of managing fixed assets, most enterprises often only pay attention to the purchase, use and division of raw materials, but seriously ignore the management of commodity scrapping, which gives some people an opportunity and increases the difficulty of realizing the financial management objectives of enterprises.

(3) Lack of scientificity in fund recovery With the construction and development of market economy, commercial credit is particularly important in daily life. For economic benefits, most enterprises usually sell on credit to expand market share. In a certain sense, selling on credit can increase the market share of enterprises. Due to the lack of understanding of customers, enterprises can not correctly understand the credit of customers, which often leads to the problem that enterprises can not recover the payment for goods, and even leads to serious bad debts and dormant accounts. There are a large number of bad debts and dormant accounts in the development of enterprises, which will endanger the capital flow of enterprises, thus reducing the efficiency and quality of financial management.

(D) Insufficient employee enthusiasm The quality of employees' work is directly related to the development of enterprises, and the enthusiasm of employees themselves affects the quality of work. Therefore, in enterprise financial management, we should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees and participate in the management and supervision of enterprise financial work, so as to reasonably solve the opportunities and challenges faced by enterprise financial management.

Second, the status quo of modern enterprise financial management objectives

With the progress and development of social and economic construction, great changes have taken place in the management mode and means of modern enterprises, and the property rights and functions of enterprises are clear, forming a scientific management mode of separating government from enterprises. Therefore, modern enterprises should play their financial management functions in the fierce market competition, in which the financial management goal of modern enterprises becomes the ultimate goal of financial activities and the criterion of enterprise decision-making. It has become the evaluation standard of enterprise financial performance, and it is also an important basis and standard of financial behavior. On the one hand, financial management determines the success or failure of enterprises, on the other hand, it is related to the management mode and direction of enterprises and affects the development level of national economy. Financial management objectives play an important role in enterprise development. With the transformation of China's economic system from planned economy to market economy, the property rights of China's capital market have undergone tremendous changes, and the financial management of enterprises has become more and more important in the development of enterprises. Enterprise financial management objectives can comprehensively reflect the relationship between internal and external environment, reality and future.

Third, the content of financial management and core competitiveness of enterprises

(A) the content of enterprise financial management The financial goal of an enterprise has changed from maximizing profits in the past to maximizing stakeholders. On the one hand, it reflects people's understanding of the target subject of the enterprise, on the other hand, it reflects people's understanding of the essence of the enterprise. Among them, the factors of production are closely related to the economic interests of enterprises. In the traditional thinking mode, the enterprise is the owner of capital elements, and the goal of the capital owner directly determines the goal of the enterprise, and also determines the goal of the enterprise.

(II) Enterprise Financial Core Competence Content On the one hand, enterprise financial competence can maintain the enterprise's competence, on the other hand, it can ensure the sustainable development of the enterprise, and it has become an important part of enterprise competence, and at the same time it is a complete capability system. In the financial ability system of enterprises, the profitability and growth ability of enterprises are at the core. Among them, improving the operation ability of enterprises is conducive to improving the profitability of enterprises, improving their solvency and contribution to society, and promoting the growth of enterprises. Enterprises usually use management and financing strategies. Dividend distribution and investment management. To promote the development of enterprises and gain more benefits. After a series of integration and transformation, the financial ability of enterprises has formed the financial core competitiveness composed of financial resources. In the process of practical application, the financial core competitiveness of enterprises will not be lost and become the intangible assets of the system. With the application of financial core competitiveness, it will increase the value of enterprises and promote their development.

Fourthly, the relationship between financial management and core competitiveness of enterprises.

(I) One of the important contents of the unified essential enterprise financial management goal is the enterprise financial core competence, which is the purpose of all enterprise financial management activities, the destination and starting point of enterprise financial management, and plays a decisive role in the organizational principle index system of enterprise financial management to a certain extent. Therefore, the financial core competence index of an enterprise needs to reflect the basic content of financial management and be consistent with it.

(ii) The theme is unique. The core competitiveness of enterprises has the characteristics of heterogeneity and non-imitation. Therefore, the financial core competence of enterprises also has the characteristics that cannot be imitated. In other words, the financial core competence of each enterprise is very different and cannot be imitated from each other. Among them, heterogeneity and non-imitation are not reflected in the differences in form and index, but in the heterogeneity and non-imitation in content and meaning.

(III) Consistent goals There are still great differences in people's understanding of the core competence of enterprises, among which the innovation capability of enterprises is an important part of the core competence of enterprises. In addition, the continuous innovation of enterprises is mainly reflected in the following aspects: concept, organization, technology, products, management and market. Therefore, improving the sustainable innovation ability of enterprises can promote the sustainable development of enterprises. To improve the sustainable profitability of enterprises, the core financial competence of enterprises needs to fully demonstrate the three goals of sustainability and development of profitability, and needs to be consistent with the above three goals.

(D) interrelated capabilities Among the financial capabilities of enterprises, the financial core capabilities of enterprises occupy the position of core and commander-in-chief, and are an important part of the financial capability system of enterprises. Therefore, the financial core competence of an enterprise should be interrelated with various financial capabilities of the enterprise, and can accommodate and reflect various financial capabilities of the enterprise. Among them, enterprises can improve their profitability and solvency, and at the same time enhance their contribution to society.

Verb (Verb's abbreviation) Solutions to Financial Management Problems

(I) Carrying out audit tracking In the process of tracking the audit process, enterprises should strictly control all aspects of each task, strengthen audit management at all time points, help enterprises find problems in time, provide necessary guidance for solving problems, and ensure the rationality and standardization of various management projects. In addition, in the process of project development, the raw material procurement and project implementation of the whole project should be strictly tracked and audited. In the final inspection, a follow-up audit is also needed. It can be seen that tracking and improving the whole audit process in many aspects can effectively improve the efficiency of audit work and effectively prevent corruption and fraud.

(2) Improving the innovation ability of enterprises Many economists have great differences on the financial core ability of enterprises. However, in the process of enterprise development, the innovation ability of enterprises has been unanimously recognized by more people. From the perspective of enterprise development, the innovation ability of enterprises can improve many aspects of enterprises.

Conclusion of intransitive verbs

To sum up, with the continuous development of China's social economy and the reform of the market economy system, Chinese enterprises are facing more and more complex development environment, and their business activities are facing more challenges, which limits the development of enterprises and affects the objectives of enterprise financial management. Therefore, enterprises should cultivate their own financial core competence, strive to achieve their internal financial management objectives, enhance their economic benefits and improve their market competitiveness, so that enterprises can stand out from the fierce market competition and occupy favorable market competitive advantages.

References:

[1] Li. On financial management objectives and enterprise financial core competence [J]. Quotient, 2014,01.45.

[2] Qi Mingxia. Enterprise financial management objectives and enterprise financial core analysis [J]. Enterprise Reform and Management, 20 14, 16: 209-2 10.

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