What are the teaching methods of primary school mathematics?
I. Numbers and algebra
Commonly used teaching in number and algebra includes: situation chart, counter, counting stick, magnetic paste (writing digital paste, calculating digital paste, mathematical symbol paste), multiplication formula magnetic card, clock model, fraction demonstrator, balance, digital turntable, puzzle, etc.
Situational diagram is widely used in the teaching process of number and algebra and even the whole primary school mathematics. Many candidates are obsessed with the classroom introduction of primary school mathematics and want to introduce it vividly, but the materials accumulated in their brains are limited, especially in the short preparation time of 20 minutes for the exam. For most candidates, it is really difficult to come up with a vivid and relevant introduction. In order to achieve good results, the introduction should not only be lively and interesting, but also reflect the characteristics of mathematics that are different from other disciplines. The new curriculum standard of mathematics emphasizes that mathematics teaching should reflect the close relationship between mathematics and life, and making full use of the situation diagram in the textbook during the trial lecture can make students more intuitively reflect that mathematics comes from life and is applied to life. For example, when teaching the second volume of multiplication formula in grade four, you can import the situation map, show the situation map to the students and ask, "Please look at the map carefully, what mathematical information can you find?" According to the mathematical data you found, what problems can be solved by multiplication? "After the students ask questions and list the formulas, the teacher will guide the students to observe the formulas and discover the laws, so as to successfully complete the teaching objectives of this lesson and enhance the students' ability to find, analyze and solve problems.
Counting sticks are widely used in mathematics teaching in lower grades of primary schools. When students just learn to count and learn simple addition and subtraction, teachers often deepen their intuitive feelings by asking students to count sticks. In addition, when middle school students are new to vertical multiplication and division, teachers can also let students use counting sticks to help them understand arithmetic. For example, in the first volume of the third grade, when learning to multiply a number by multiple numbers, the teacher borrowed a counting stick to help students understand the arithmetic of oral calculation.
In the process of teaching primary school students to learn to count and recognize numbers, besides using the counting stick mentioned above, the counter will also play the same role, so if you choose between teaching and recognizing numbers, it can be done. The counter plays an irreplaceable role in teaching students to know the counting unit or decimal system. For example, the counter will be used in the teaching of "Knowing Numbers within 10000" in the second volume of the second grade of primary school.
Second, graphics and geometry.
In the teaching of graphic geometry, there are common three-dimensional graphics, common plane graphics, puzzles, multi-purpose triangles, drawing movable angles, grid demonstration diagrams, triangle inner angles and demonstrations, pi demonstrations, circular area deduction demonstrations, etc.
In the teaching of graphic understanding, the areas of common three-dimensional graphics and plane graphics are often used. For example, when students learn the characteristics of common graphics, they can paste the model of magnetic graphics on the blackboard, so that students can classify the graphics, or find out the graphics and name them. This can not only arouse students' enthusiasm, but also help to give full play to students' dominant position, embody the concept of new curriculum standards, and help the majority of candidates to win the first place in the exam.
Tangram is seven pieces of paper (or small pieces of wood, plastic, etc.). ) consists of a square, five triangles and a parallelogram. Tangram contains a lot of interesting knowledge and skills. It can display all kinds of graphics and plays an important role in primary school mathematics teaching. Tangram plays a very important role in graphic understanding, angle understanding and regional teaching. For example, after the students know the basic plane graphics, the teacher can show a jigsaw puzzle and ask the students to name one or more of the graphics. After students learn the classification of angles, they can try to find right angle, acute angle or obtuse angle in the puzzle. Students can consolidate their knowledge while enjoying the fun of Tangram. In addition, the jigsaw puzzle is also used in the fractional teaching of numbers and algebra.
What is a teaching method?
1. teaching method is a teaching method in which teachers describe situations, tell facts, explain concepts, demonstrate principles and clarify laws to students in oral language.
2. Heart-to-heart method, also known as answer method, is a way to spread and learn knowledge through conversation between teachers and students. Its characteristic is that teachers guide students to use existing experience and knowledge to answer teachers' questions, so as to acquire new knowledge or consolidate and check what they have learned.
Discussion is a method in which the whole class or group members express their opinions, discuss with each other, inspire each other and brainstorm around a central issue under the guidance of teachers.
4. Demonstration is a teaching method in which teachers show physical objects or physical models to students for observation, or through demonstration experiments and modern teaching methods, students can acquire knowledge updates. It is an auxiliary teaching method, which is often used together with lectures, conversations and discussions.
5. Practice is the basic method for students to consolidate knowledge and cultivate various learning skills under the guidance of teachers, and it is also a major practical activity in the process of students' learning.
6. Experimental method is a teaching method in which students, under the guidance of teachers, use certain equipment and materials to cause some changes in experimental objects through operation, and acquire new knowledge or verify knowledge by observing these changes. It is also a common method in natural science.
7. Practice method is a teaching method in which students participate in a certain practice place, master certain skills and relevant direct knowledge, or verify indirect knowledge, and comprehensively apply what they have learned.
Teaching mode is a relatively stable teaching method, procedure and strategy system established to complete a certain teaching topic under the guidance of certain teaching ideas. It consists of several teaching methods with fixed procedures. Each teaching mode has its own guiding ideology and unique functions. They have great influence on the application of teaching methods and the development of teaching practice.