Cixi-personal influence

One. It can be seen from the change of China's policy of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business that Empress Dowager Cixi's huge productivity determines the relations of production and the economic base determines the superstructure. "Food is the most important thing for the people", which was mainly determined by the economic development at that time. First of all, emphasizing agriculture and restraining business began in the pre-Qin period, that is, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It was strengthened in the Han Dynasty. It is manifested in the following aspects:

1, businessmen are not allowed to wear silk clothes or ride horses;

2. Businessmen are not allowed to "famous fields", that is, to buy land and "violate the law". Any land and handmaiden exceeding the legal amount shall not be included in the government;

3. "Electing officials" is not allowed, that is, businessmen and their descendants are not allowed to be officials in the government, and "offenders are judged by law";

4. "Heavy taxes are hard for them", and the law stipulates that "Jia people and handmaiden are counted twice", and the income of businessmen is twice that of ordinary people;

Fifth, relegation, also known as garrison, is to move businessmen to remote areas for garrison. The root of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business: 1. The needs of the times: feudal society is a self-sufficient natural economy, and agriculture is the most decisive production sector. The situation of agricultural production is directly related to the rise and fall of the country and people's lives. The so-called Millennium hunger was often insufficient in ancient times. Therefore, building the country through agriculture has become the governing program of rulers of past dynasties. 2。 Confucianism: Confucius and Mencius respect agriculture. 3。 The needs of the ruling class: the ruling group in feudal society is the landlord class. 4。 Stable rule: agriculture is a self-sufficient industry, everything is fixed in one place, while commerce makes people move and it is not convenient to rule. Businessmen may enrich themselves with money that should have been earned by the state. If they are profiteers, it will also cause social instability. From the perspective of rulers, farmers are tens of millions of times better than businessmen in governance. The combination of the above three factors is the origin and tradition of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce in ancient China. The economic base determines the superstructure. When the economic lifeline that controls a society gradually becomes the bourgeoisie, the feudal society begins to perish. The Westernization Movement of Empress Dowager Cixi broke the feudal system of China from top to bottom for thousands of years. Although there was capitalism in Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the commodity economy began to develop and the bourgeoisie grew stronger. Therefore, Empress Dowager Cixi adopted a constitutional monarchy suitable for productive forces. Therefore, the feudal society gradually disappeared in the eight years of Empress Dowager Cixi's New Deal, that is to say, the late Qing Dynasty was no longer a feudal society in the traditional sense. It is wrong to say that the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the feudal dynasty, because the end of the Qing Dynasty did not conform to the definition of feudal society economically and politically. Empress Dowager Cixi made great contributions to China from feudal society to capitalist society, from ancient times to modern times, both economically and politically. The establishment of Westernization initiated a new situation of reform and opening up and laid the foundation for China's modernization. This great significance cannot be overestimated. Also, send people to study abroad, abolish the imperial examination, run schools and run newspapers. The new atmosphere after the Revolution of 1911 is just a continuation of Empress Dowager Cixi's New Deal. Here, one more thing, look at the wrist of Empress Dowager Cixi. Some central and local officials in the Qing Dynasty advocated learning modern western science and technology, training new troops, buying guns and warships, and developing China's military and civilian industries, so as to make Qiang Bing rich. Their representatives have a game in the center? Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo, and Zhang Zhidong. Although their reform did not touch the feudal autocratic political system and social system, in the eyes of the die-hards, it was "changing the ocean into summer", which violated the ancient teachings of the sages. Therefore, from the beginning of the Westernization Movement, the die-hards resolutely opposed it. 18665438+February, Yi? Please set up a branch in Wentong Museum to recruit people who took the imperial examinations to study astronomy and mathematics. University student Woren personally wrote to Empress Dowager Cixi and resolutely opposed it. He thought it was polite to let Xiang Yang, who was born in the Imperial Examination, learn astronomy and mathematics. He claimed that China is very big and there is no shortage of talents. As long as you search in many ways, you will find someone who is proficient in astronomical mathematics. Why do you have to learn from foreigners? Empress Dowager Cixi asked him to recommend some talents who are proficient in astronomy and mathematics, and he was responsible for setting up an astronomy and mathematics museum and encouraging each other with the branch of Wentong Museum. He had to admit that there was no guarantee. Empress Dowager Cixi asked him to walk in the yamen of the Prime Minister who presided over the Westernization. Woren has always hated westernization, so let him do it now. He felt insulted and refused again and again, but Empress Dowager Cixi refused to take it back, which embarrassed the die-hard representatives. He went to the study room to give a lecture to Emperor Tongzhi, and he felt it and couldn't help crying. In the end, Woren asked to fill the vacancy on the grounds of illness. With the approval of Empress Dowager Cixi, she was relieved of all her duties. With the support of Empress Dowager Cixi, the Westernization Movement was able to break through many obstacles and develop forward, which became the beginning of China's modernization.

Two. United Front and Empress Dowager Cixi's rejuvenation: Empress Dowager Cixi knows how to make good use of people and reuse Han people. She has too many talented people under her command. Zeng Guofan, Hu Linyi, Zuo, Li Hongzhang and Luo were all great heroes at that time and were famous at any time in history. Her Yuan Datou skills are comparable to those of Cao Cao. Let such a large number of capable people willingly obey her command, which shows her ability to choose people. In his early years, he helped Emperor Xianfeng to handle state affairs, established a correct political line and ideological line, and was the actual maker of policies and guidelines during Xianfeng years. It laid the foundation for the revival of Tongguang. Tongguang Zhongxing is actually the Zhongxing of Empress Dowager Cixi, and it was the extraordinary splendor of China for thousands of years under the circumstances of internal troubles and foreign invasion at that time.

Three. For the first time in China's history, a constitutional monarchy was implemented. If it weren't for her great pace of reform, internal and external strength, and her early death, China would probably be the Japanese or British political system today.

Four. Pingnian Rebellion, An Baili Rebellion and Huimiao Uprising. Which is more fun, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom or the Boxer Rebellion? I'm afraid Daoguang Xianfeng will die in this life. He had the courage and courage to trust the masses, mobilized them to resist foreign aggression and launched a magnificent campaign.