/kloc-What historical events changed the world and China in the 0/7th century?
The key word is "change".
political system
/kloc-in the 0/7th century, the greatest change in the world was the bourgeois revolution in 1640. The British bourgeois revolution, as a new representative of the nobility, overthrew feudal rule and established a capitalist social revolution Britain from 1640 when Charlie called a new parliament to 1688 when James II abdicated. Therefore, 1640 is recognized as the beginning of modern world history. A turning point in world history. Since then, the world of social system has undergone fundamental changes, and capitalism will eventually replace feudalism.
1644 Manchu customs entry event. What has this changed? The emperors of the Qing Dynasty regarded Han, Manchu and other ethnic minorities as the main body and regarded them as regime change. Ethnic minorities are a positive impetus to the development of China. The Chinese nation is a big multi-ethnic family. But is the emperor an emperor or an emperor? Contradictions within the feudal society were concealed, and the relaxation of the feudal system in China lasted for another 200 years (the middle and late Ming Dynasty was the germination of capitalism in China). Later, the Manchu regime was corrupted and humiliated by foreign imperialist powers, and the hometown of the Chinese nation was in dire straits.
science and technology
(It should also include the past16th century) In Europe in17th century, people in the Middle Ages and Renaissance were gradually destroyed by the complex philosophical and theological dogmatic authority that bound the awakening thinking brought about by people's free development. Feudal society began to disintegrate, replaced by capitalist society, and the productive forces were greatly liberated. The prosperity of handicraft industry in capitalist workshops and the transition of machine production have promoted the rapid development of technical science and mathematics. For example, in navigation, in order to determine the position of the ship, more advanced astronomical observation is needed. Military and ballistics have become central topics. Accurate clock making, canal digging, dam and planetary elliptical orbit theory construction all require a lot of complicated calculations. Since ancient Greece, elementary mathematics has gradually failed to meet the needs.
In the history of science, many important activities took place in this period, which put forward new topics for mathematics. First of all, Copernicus's geocentric theory has fundamentally shaken Copernicus's theological pillar. His disciple, Retty Rokus, saw more and more complicated astronomical observations and predicted a detailed trigonometric function table, which has become an urgent problem. He began to make an arctangent and secant table every 10 ",and then relied on the manual calculation of Retiro Adamkus and his assistants. They worked hard in the second half of 16 century and 12 years. A large number of advanced astronomical observations made by Danish astronomer Tycho, and on this basis, German astronomer Kepler summed up three laws and discovered Kepler's planetary motion, thus generating Newton's gravity. The barrel of the new three-dimensional geometric barrel is made up of countless circular slices, so its volume can be calculated. This is the predecessor of the stone. Galileo, an Italian scientist, advocated that natural science research must carry out systematic observation and experiments, and make full use of mathematical tools to explore the mysteries of nature. These ideas have great influence on the development of science (especially physics and mathematics). His student cavalieri established the unprincipled principle. Relying on this principle, he solved many problems, and now he has a closer integration method for the problems that can be solved. The concept of "inseparability", in 1620, is the transition between Kepler and Galileo, Newton and Leibniz. /kloc-in the 6th century, Italy made a series of achievements in the theory of algebraic equations. Tata Elias, cardano, Ferrari, Bombay Lee and others have found that it is necessary to improve the general solutions of three and four equations and use this hypothesis for the first time. This is the biggest breakthrough since Greek indefinite algebra. The French Vedas have established the achievements of their predecessors and created a large number of algebraic symbols. Letters represent an unknown number, and the improved calculation method has greatly changed algebra. Stephen used decimal Napier to calculate numbers and then created a number, which greatly accelerated the operation speed. After Pascal invented the adder, Leibniz invented the multiplier. Although it is not very practical, mechanical calculation has opened up a new way. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the main subjects of elementary mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry) have basically taken shape, but the development of mathematics is in the ascendant, and it has entered the next stage of the history of mathematics: the acceleration of mathematical variables is different in this period. The prophase and prophase are usually called the last period of elementary mathematics () The static method studies various elements of the objective world. This period and dynamic point of view discusses the process of change and development of things. Variable set as the starting point, and then vigorously develop calculus mathematical analytic geometry. During this period, probability theory and projective geometry also appeared in new fields. But it seems to have been covered by brilliant and powerful Tatars. The surging trend analysis has reached unprecedented glory, and in the18th century, its content is rich and its application is wide, which is dizzying. During this period, mathematics is roughly equivalent to the learning content of the second year of college. Sometimes it is called classical advanced mathematics, so it is called classical advanced mathematics because primary and secondary mathematics distinguishes this period. The publication of Analytic Geometry, Analytic Geometry marks the advantages of primitive geometry, which can be summarized as three points: the unified opposition introduces a variable "form" and "algebraic method" from the past two research objects to solve the classical geometry problem, and finally gives up the Greek homogeneous restriction; Improved algebraic symbols. Fermat, a French mathematician, also shared the honor of analytic geometry. He founded his research results as early as Descartes, but it was not announced until the end of the year. He is an amateur mathematician who has made great contributions to number theory, probability theory and optics. In his calculation, he put forward the main points of the minimax method of demand function. He created many number theory theorems, the most famous of which is Fermat's last theorem, but there is only one conjecture that has not been proved. The rights and interests in probability theory may have produced the development of insurance industry, prompting mathematicians to think about some special probabilistic gambling requests. Fermat, Pascal, the founder of Huygens' early probability theory, and the study of Laplace and Poisson after 18 and 19 centuries, probability theory has become a huge branch of mathematics that is widely used. Analytic Geometry At the same time, the17th century is another great change in geometry in this field, which is a decisive progress in establishing projective geometry. Zagger and Pascal, the former introduced infinity and infinity to discuss extreme lines, transmission and viewpoints, and he discovered the basic theorem of De Zagger's theorem "projective geometry". Pascal 1640 conic curve, the biggest progress since Apollonius. However, the mathematicians who devoted most of their time to scientific analysis and research, projective geometry, didn't get attention again until the end of18th century. 17th century is a productive period, and the most brilliant achievement is the invention of calculus. The whole history of mathematics seems to be a great event in the whole history of mankind. The development of production technology and natural science has come back from the demand of production technology and science at the same time, which has far-reaching influence. Nowadays, scientists and technicians, like food and clothes, can't live without calculus for a moment.
In the history of science, great isaac newton and Leibniz lived in this century, and their brilliant achievements and brilliant world changed the world.
I have a lot of reference data here, as well as a long narrative event of science and technology. Science and technology are the primary productive forces. People in today's world are still learning to use these scientific and technological achievements.
Change the dynasty, complete the understanding of people's hearts, and ensure the progress of science and technology. The progress of science and technology shows the superiority of the capitalist system, promotes the development of social productive forces, consolidates the capitalist system in Europe and makes it popular all over the world. Therefore, scientific and technological achievements are described in detail as "major events". /kloc-in the 0/7th century, the progress of science and technology in the world has greatly changed the production mode of human society and the world.