With the deepening of educational reform, the research of mathematical thinking methods is also deepening, and both theory and teaching experiments have achieved fruitful results. On this basis, based on the characteristics of mathematical science and the relevant theories of pedagogy and psychology, this paper expounds and studies the mathematical thinking method in middle schools from three aspects: first, it expounds the guiding significance of mathematical thinking method to middle school mathematics teaching from the perspective of modern educational purpose, characteristics of mathematical science and the height of mathematical education function; Secondly, the basic methods in middle school mathematics are systematically expounded in theory; Thirdly, from the perspective of teaching practice, the teaching research of mathematics thinking method in middle school is discussed theoretically and practically. In addition, it also reflects the new ideas and trends in the process of mathematics education reform.