At present, there are three basic pension modes in China: family pension, land pension and social insurance pension. At the same time, there are also new modes of providing for the aged in different places, such as providing for the aged with housing, providing for the aged with birds, providing for the aged with consumption and providing for the aged with ecology.

In order to effectively analyze the applicable population of the pension mode, this paper selects three modes of social insurance pension, housing pension (that is, "reverse mortgage" pension) and land pension, and analyzes them in combination with the actual situation in Chongqing. ?

Aiming at the social insurance pension model, this paper selects five different salary levels of personal salary of 2000- 10000, and establishes a pension balance model with reference to the existing calculation methods of social pension insurance in China and the economic development level of Chongqing.

Referring to the statistics of per capita wage level over the years, this paper uses MATLAB to solve the balance table of pension income and expenditure of these five different wage levels, and compares the payment amount and the acquisition amount of individual pension insurance.

The results show that the higher the wage level, the higher the pension amount can be obtained. It is suggested that employees pay the old-age insurance premium in advance and extend their retirement age. Aiming at the mode of providing for the aged with housing (that is, providing for the aged with reverse mortgage), this paper first calculates the age mortality matrix according to the life table of China life insurance industry (2000-2003).

Combined with the actual situation of Chongqing's economic development, this paper constructs the wholesale actuarial model of "reverse mortgage" and the actuarial model of "reverse mortgage" annuity, and uses MATLAB to solve the payment matrix of "reverse mortgage" pension and the demand matrix of real estate value when the payment standard is fixed.

The results show that when the property value is 556,973 yuan, the payment level of "reverse mortgage" pension can reach the average level of per capita disposable income of urban residents in Chongqing, and when the property value is 334 1.84 million yuan, the replacement rate can be guaranteed at least 60% relative to the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Chongqing. ?

According to the land pension mode, based on "20 13 payment standard of land acquisition insurance", combined with the actual situation of land-lost farmers in Chongqing, two modes of government-led and commercial are simulated and calculated.

Comparing the expenses under the standard of receiving in the current month with the same insurance expenses under the standard of receiving in the next month, it is suggested that the government-led old-age insurance model for landless peasants should be applied to the third-tier cities in Chongqing, which will develop steadily and provide basic living security for the majority of landless peasants.

Commercial endowment insurance model for landless farmers: It is suitable for Chongqing, a fast-growing third-tier city, and can quickly increase people's participation rate. At the same time, it also eased a large part of the government's financial pressure and promoted regional economic development.

Through the analysis of three modes of providing for the aged, and according to the economic development of various districts and counties in Chongqing, it is suggested that employees should pay the old-age insurance premium in advance and extend the retirement age. It is suggested that the main urban areas with rapid economic development in Chongqing (such as Yubei District and Yuzhong District, etc.). ) can implement the model of housing for the elderly; It is suggested that the counties (Shizhu County and Wuxi County) with slow economic development and more cultivated land in Chongqing can implement the land pension model.

The rise of mutual-aid pension mode conforms to the pace of China's population structure and social development, and also provides new ideas for young people to solve the problem of providing for the aged in different places and reduce the burden of providing for the aged, which is undoubtedly an innovative move worthy of recognition.

Nowadays, the problem of population aging in China is obvious. According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on June 5438+1October 2 1, by the end of 20 18, the population aged 60 and over in China had reached 249.49 million, accounting for 17.9% of the total population, and the old-age dependency ratio was as high as16.8. At the same time, the main force of the new generation, mainly the only child, is facing the dilemma of "providing for the aged in different places".

On the one hand, under the double pressure of "limited energy" and "insufficient financial resources", children who are separated from their parents due to work or life are often "unable to take care of them with their parents", and the group of "empty nesters" is expanding year by year; In addition, even if children can provide support conditions, some parents are reluctant to leave their hometown because of their strong "local feelings".

People's Network-Opening a New Mode of Mutual Support for the Aged