1. Logical reasoning ability: Cultivate pupils' logical thinking ability so that they can solve problems through observation, analysis and reasoning. For example, by giving some conditions and rules, pupils can draw conclusions or discover rules.

2. Spatial imagination: to cultivate pupils' perception and imagination of space, so that they can transform abstract mathematical concepts into concrete figures or models. For example, let students understand geometric shapes and relationships by drawing geometric figures or using teaching AIDS such as puzzles.

3. Problem-solving ability: Cultivate the problem-solving ability of primary school students, so that they can think and solve mathematical problems in real life independently. For example, by asking some practical questions, let primary school students use what they have learned to analyze and solve them.

4. Abstract thinking ability: cultivate the abstract thinking ability of primary school students, so that they can extract general laws and concepts from concrete things. For example, by giving some concrete examples, let primary school students sum up general rules or definitions.

5. Creative thinking ability: cultivate the creative thinking ability of primary school students, so that they can flexibly use mathematical knowledge for innovation and discovery. For example, by asking some open questions, let primary school students play freely and explore solutions.

In short, mathematical thinking suitable for primary school students should focus on cultivating their logical thinking, spatial imagination, problem-solving ability, abstract thinking ability and creative thinking ability. The cultivation of these mathematical thinking is helpful to improve primary school students' mathematical literacy and problem-solving ability.