The experimenter put two short and wide glasses with the same amount of water in front of a 5-year-old child and asked him, "Which glass holds more water?" He would say "as much" without thinking. The experimenter poured water from a cup into a tall and long cup in front of him, and then asked him, "Which cup has more water now?" He thought there was more water in the short and wide cup, and he repeated it several times. Why? He pointed to the width of the cup and said, "This is bigger when it is wider." ? Q: What kind of phenomenon is this? Why does it happen to children? ?

A: This is the irreversibility of children's one-dimensional attention and thinking. This is one of the characteristics of children's thinking development. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development stage, the thinking development of 5-year-old children is still in the pre-calculation stage, and the thinking has one-dimensional attention and irreversibility. Children in this period often only pay attention to the state, especially the final state, without considering the transition to these States. Will not consider the transformation, leading to the irreversibility of children's thinking in the preoperative period. For children of this age, height and capacity cannot be considered at the same time. They are confused by the shape of the cup and can only judge the size according to the shape, that is, the capacity of water. ?

For example, in life, we find that children judge people's age according to their height or photo size, and the arrangement order of numbers and objects in mathematical activities is disrupted, so we think that the numbers are not equal. All reflect the characteristics of one-dimensional attention. (Page 124)

2. Case analysis in 2007 10?

Fangfang, a 3-year-old child, is a beautiful little girl. After her mother taught her "4+2=6", she asked her "2+4"

Excuse me: What does this case reveal about children? Please analyze the reasons. What is its main development trend?

Key points: According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development stage, the thinking development of 3-year-old children is still before operation? Stage, its thinking is irreversible. This case reveals the irreversible characteristics of children's thinking. The main development trend of children's thinking is that with the growth of children's age, children's thinking flexibility increases and begins. From one-dimensional attention to two-dimensional attention, the concept of "conservation" was formed, and the reversibility of thinking began to form and develop. (See the textbook P122-126)

3. Case analysis from June 5438 to 10, 2008?

Teacher Tang designed such a link in a teaching activity of observing rabbits in a middle class. She brought a live rabbit for the children to observe quietly and carefully. I didn't expect the children to come around and touch and pull, but they just couldn't calm down. Teacher Tang is very angry: Why can't you sit still? ? Question: Why can't children sit still? Should Mr. Tang let them quiet down and observe? ?

How should she arrange this teaching link? Please combine your educational and psychological theories to analyze and elaborate.

A:? From the physiological characteristics of young children, their nervous system is more excited than inhibited and easy to spread, so they will be more excited when facing fresh stimuli; Judging from their psychological characteristics, their thinking is action and visualization. Perception is the main way for them to know the world. They treat things through vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell and other senses, instead of taking vision as an advantage like adults. (This part analyzes the performance of children in the case from the characteristics of children's physical and mental development. Therefore, observation is not just sitting and watching, but touching, smelling and playing with children. Teacher Li should not let the children sit quietly and watch, but should give them the opportunity to "observe" through rich emotional activities.

Children can't sit still because one of the aesthetic psychological characteristics of preschool children is "action and activity". Active is a child's nature. Children's attention is mainly unintentional and lasts for a short time. Their interests are changeable and unstable. Their language development level also determines that it is impossible for them to "digest" aesthetic objects with their internal language. So it lacks the ability to wait and see. Children's aesthetics are dynamic and should be reflected through actions. They like to talk with their hands and get aesthetic satisfaction in the process of operation. ?

Teacher Tang Can can't force the children to be quiet, so he should handle this teaching link properly. ?

Teacher Tang should follow the principle of aesthetic reciprocity in his activities. When observing and appreciating, the atmosphere is active, relaxed and free. Let children observe rabbits in close groups and find their appearance characteristics, instead of letting children sit up straight and the teacher preach and indoctrinate them. We should also follow the principle of aesthetic visualization and use vivid models in teaching, such as letting children gently touch rabbits, feeding rabbits and naming rabbits. Let the children feel a beautiful image. The process of aesthetic education is a process that needs creativity. The influence of aesthetic activities on children is not entirely controlled by teachers. Teachers must change and adjust aesthetic education activities according to the actual situation and give full play to their creativity. (Counseling page 57? Book 198 pages)?

June 5438 +2009 10 case analysis? be the same as the above

4. Case analysis of 20 10 10?

Piaget once used the problem of "three mountains" to study children's psychology: children sit on one side of the three-dimensional model of the three mountains and put dolls on the other side or the opposite side of the model. In this way, dolls and children look at the model from different angles. Then, let the children choose a photo from all angles of the mountain, reflecting the position seen from the doll's point of view. It is found that children in early childhood cannot complete this task. ? Question: What does this experiment show? How is this characteristic of children reflected in their activities and life?

A: This case really reveals the characteristics of children's self-centered thinking. According to Piaget's cognitive development stage theory, this period is "pre-operational intelligence". Children take their own views and opinions as the center and understand things from their own positions and opinions. They don't realize that their ideas may be different from others, so they can't objectively understand things from others' standpoint. ,? The "Three Mountains Task" is too complicated for children in the early homework period to complete.