Special symbols in mathematics and physics

Reading formula symbols in mathematical physics;

α α: α α

ββ:ββ

γγ:γγ

δ δ: δ Delta

εε:εε

ζ ζ: Jetta Zeta

ε η: Itaeta

θ θ: West Tower θ

ι ι: Aiota Iota

κ κ κ: kappa kappa kappa

∧λ:λλλλ

μ μ: Jiang Mumu

ν ν: Anger

ξ ξ: Cauchy xi

οο: Omicron, European Michael Wheel

∏π:π

ρ ρ: Soft ρ

Sigma σ: Sigma Sigma

τ τ: Set τ

υ υ: Yupuxilong

φ φ: Fayfi

χ χ: organ qi

ψ ψ: Psy Psi

ωω:ωω。

Encyclopedia of symbols:

The sign of (1) quantity: I, 2+I, A, X, natural logarithm base E, pi ∏.

(2) Operation symbols: such as plus sign (+), minus sign (-), multiplication sign (× or), division sign (÷ or/), union of two sets (∩), intersection (∩), root sign () and logarithm (log, lg, ln).

(3) relational symbols: for example, = is equal sign, ≈ or ≈ is approximate sign, ≠ is unequal sign, > is greater than sign, "is greater than sign."

(4) Combination symbols: such as "()" in brackets "[]" and "-"in braces "{}".

(5) Natural symbols: such as positive sign "+",negative sign "-"and absolute value symbol "∨"

(6) Elliptic symbols: such as triangle (△), sine (sin), cosine (cos), function of x (f(x)), limit (lim), ∫ because, (one foot can't stand) ∴ so, (two feet can stand) and. ) and so on.

(7) Other symbols: α, β, γ and other symbols.

The origin of mathematical symbols:

For example, there used to be several kinds of plus signs, but now the "+"sign is widely used.

+comes from the Latin "et" (meaning "and"). /kloc-in the 6th century, the Italian scientist Nicolo Tartaglia used the first letter of "plu" (meaning "plus") to indicate addition, and the grass was "μ", which finally became "+".

The number "-"evolved from the Latin word "minus" (meaning "minus"), abbreviated as m, and then omitted the letter, it became "-".

It is also said that wine merchants use "-"to indicate how much a barrel of wine costs. After the new wine is poured into the vat, a vertical line is added to the "-",which means that the original line is erased, thus becoming a "+"sign.

/kloc-In the 5th century, German mathematician Wei Demei officially determined that "+"was used as a plus sign and "-"was used as a minus sign.

Multipliers have been used for more than a dozen times, and now they are commonly used in two ways. One is "x", which was first proposed by British mathematician orcutt on 163 1; One is "",which was first created by British mathematician heriott. Leibniz, a German mathematician, thinks that the symbol "×" is very similar to the Latin letter "X", so he opposes and agrees to use the symbol ". He himself proposed to use "п" to represent multiplication. But this symbol is now applied to set theory.

/kloc-In the 8th century, American mathematician Audley decided to use "X" as the multiplication sign. He thinks that "×" is an oblique writing of "+",which is another symbol for increase.

""was originally used as a minus sign and has been popular in continental Europe for a long time. Until 163 1 year, the British mathematician Orkut used ":"to represent division or ratio, while others used "-"(except lines) to represent division. Later, the Swiss mathematician Laha, in his book Algebra, formally took 圙 as a division symbol according to the creation of the masses.

The square root number was once represented by the combination of the first and last letters of the Latin "radical". /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/7th century, the French mathematician Descartes used "√" for the first time in his Geometry. "√" is the Latin word line "R" and "-"is the enclosed line.

/kloc-in the 6th century, the French mathematician Viette used "=" to indicate the difference between two quantities. However, Calder, a professor of mathematics and rhetoric at Oxford University in England, thinks that it is most appropriate to use two parallel and equal straight lines to indicate that two numbers are equal, so the equal sign "=" has been used since 1540.

159 1 year, the French mathematician Veda used this symbol in a large number of diamonds, and it was gradually accepted by people. /kloc-In the 7th century, Leibniz in Germany widely used the symbol "=", and he also used "~" to indicate similarity and ""to indicate congruence in geometry.

Greater than sign ">" and less than sign "

Any number comes from the word any in English. Because lowercase and uppercase are easily confused, capitalize the first letter of the word and then vice versa, as shown in the figure.

Numeric symbols of mathematical symbols

Such as: I, 2+i, A, X, natural logarithm base E, pi.

Operation symbol

Such as plus sign (+), minus sign (-), multiplication sign (× or), division sign (÷ or/), union of two sets (∩), intersection (∩), root sign (√), logarithm (log, lg, ln) and ratio (:).

Relational character

For example, = is equal sign, ≈ is approximate sign, ≠ is unequal sign, > is greater than sign,>；; Far greater than this figure.

& lt& lt is much smaller than the sign.

Union

intersection

Included in the

circle

φ diameter

Beta beta

∞ infinity

Ln(x) logarithm based on e

Lg(x) logarithm based on 10