The origin of flipping the classroom
A common problem in Woodland Park High School, a mountain school in Rocky Mountain, Colorado, is that many students often miss normal school activities for various reasons, and students spend too much time on the bus to and from school. As a result, many students couldn't keep up with their studies because they were absent from class until one day the situation changed. In the spring of 2007, Jonathan Pahlman (Jon? Bogman) and Aaron sams (Aaron? Sams) began to use screen capture software to record the playback and interpretation sounds of powerpoint presentations. They uploaded videos combining real-time explanations and PPT demonstrations to the Internet to help students who were absent from class make up lessons. At that time, YouTube had just started. A more groundbreaking step is that they gradually set up class hours on the basis of students watching videos and listening to explanations at home to help students who have difficulties in completing their homework or doing experiments. Soon, these online teaching videos were accepted by more students and widely spread. Because many students download teaching videos from 6 pm to 10 every day, the school video server often crashes during this time. "Flipping the classroom has changed our teaching practice? . We will never teach students in front of them again. We may never return to traditional teaching in 60 minutes. " This pair of partners are deeply touched by this.
The practice of the two teachers has attracted more and more attention, so that they are often invited to introduce this teaching mode to teachers all over the country. They are both excellent teachers. Jonathan won the "Outstanding Presidential Award for Mathematics and Science Teaching" for his excellent classroom teaching, and Aaron also won the same award for flipping the classroom.
Their lectures have spread all over North America. Gradually, more teachers began to teach students with online videos after class, and then practiced collaborative learning and concept mastery when they returned to class. Flipping the classroom not only changed the classroom in the small town high school, but also many teachers around the world used this model to teach Spanish, science and mathematics. And used in primary school, junior high school, senior high school and adult education.
Define flip classroom
It goes without saying that the definition of "flip classroom" is very clear. The so-called flip classroom is a teaching form in which teachers make videos, students watch the teacher's explanations in the videos at home or after class, and return to the classroom to communicate face to face with teachers and students to complete their homework.
What is a flip class?
It is a means to increase the interaction and personalized contact time between students and teachers.
This is an environment where students are responsible for their own study. ?
Teachers are "coaches" around students, not "saints" on the podium.
It is a mixture of direct interpretation and constructivist learning.
It was the students who were absent from class and did not fall behind.
Is the class content permanently archived and can be used for review or make up lessons? .
This is a classroom where all students are actively studying.
Is to let all students get personalized education.
Flipping the classroom is not what?
Not synonymous with online video. In addition to teaching videos, there is also face-to-face interactive time to have meaningful learning activities with classmates and teachers.
It's not video that replaces teachers.
Not an online course.
It's not that students study out of order.
Instead of having the whole class stare at the computer screen.
It is not that students are studying in isolation. ?
How to start flipping the classroom
Based on the experience of Woodland Park High School, we summarized the following steps:
1.？ Creating teaching videos: First of all, it is necessary to make clear the goals that students must master and the content that the video ultimately needs to show; Secondly, to collect and create videos, we should consider the differences between different teachers and different classes; Thirdly, students' ideas should be considered in the production process to adapt to different students' learning methods and habits.
2.？ Organize classroom activities: After the content is delivered to students after class, high-quality learning activities need to be carried out in the classroom, so that students have the opportunity to apply what they have learned in a specific environment. Including:
Content created by students
Solve problems independently
Investigation activities
Project-based learning
How to change learning by flipping the classroom
Jonathan Begemann and Aaron sams mentioned in Youtube videos and many speeches that flipping the classroom has fundamentally changed our learning in the following three aspects.
1. "Flip" lets students control their study.
After flipping the classroom, students can use teaching videos to arrange and control their own learning according to their own situation. Students can watch the teacher's video explanation after class or at home, which can be carried out in a relaxed atmosphere; You don't have to be as nervous as a teacher in class, worrying about missing something, or being distracted and unable to keep up with the teaching rhythm. Students can watch videos at their own pace. If they understand, they can fast-forward and skip. If they don't look backwards, they can look back and forth. They can also stop to think carefully or take notes. They can even ask teachers and peers for help through chat software.
2. "Flip" increases the interaction in learning.
The biggest advantage of flipping the classroom is to improve the interaction of the classroom in an all-round way, which is reflected in the relationship between teachers and students and the relationship between students and students.
Because the teacher's role has changed from the presenter of content to the instructor of learning, it gives us time to talk with students, answer their questions, participate in study groups and give individual guidance to each student's study. When students finish their homework, we will notice that some students are troubled by the same problems, so we will organize these students to set up counseling groups and often hold small lectures for these students with the same problems. The beauty of small lectures is that when students encounter problems and are ready to ask questions, we can give timely guidance.
When teachers become more instructors than content transmitters, we also have the opportunity to observe the interaction between students. During the classroom tour, we noticed that the students developed their own cooperative learning groups, and the students helped each other, learned from each other and learned from each other, instead of relying on teachers as the only disseminators of knowledge. It is indeed a magical observation, which makes us full of awe for the students' cooperative learning discussion.
When we respect students like this, they usually respond. They began to realize that we are here to guide them in their studies, not the teachers who give instructions. Our goal is to make them the best learners and truly understand our course content. When we master concepts with students, they will respond with the best actions.
Some colleagues may ask, how is our learning culture formed? We believe that the key is to let students take learning as their own goal, rather than trying to complete the task. Therefore, we focus on turning the course into a meaningful activity instead of finishing the busy work.
3. "Flip" makes the communication between teachers and parents deeper.
Flipping the classroom has changed the content of our communication with parents. We all remember that for many years, at the parent-teacher conference, the most frequently asked questions were about their children's performance in class, such as listening quietly, behaving respectfully, raising their hands to answer questions and not disturbing other students. These seem to be the characteristics of good study, but we are struggling to answer them. Because after we flip the classroom, these questions are no longer important in the classroom. The real question now is: Are the children studying? What can we do to help them study if they don't study? This deeper problem will lead teachers to discuss with their parents how to bring students into an environment and help them become better learners.
There are countless reasons why students don't study: don't they have relevant basic knowledge? Will their personal problems affect their study? Or do they care more about "playing at school" than studying? When we (parents and teachers) can diagnose the reasons why children don't study, we can create a powerful moment to implement the necessary intervention.
Teaching characteristics
1. Khan Academy takes advantage of the convenience of network transmission and the low cost of video multiplexing. Each course film takes about ten minutes, starting from the most basic content and connecting with each other in an advanced way from easy to difficult. ?
2. The teacher himself does not appear in the film, but uses the electronic blackboard system. At present, its website has also developed an exercise system to record learners' complete practice records for each question. With reference to this record, teachers can easily know which concepts learners don't understand. ?
3. In the traditional school curriculum, in order to keep up with the progress of the whole class, teachers only ask students to cross a certain threshold (such as passing) and continue teaching; But if you use a system similar to Khan Academy, you can try to make students understand every basic concept that will be used in the future, and then continue to teach. Students who have made similar progress can be reorganized into a class. ?
4. In some schools in the United States, we adopt the teaching mode of not doing homework, not watching Khan Academy movies in class, and doing exercises at school, and then teachers or students who already know teach other students what they don't understand. ?
Teacher Khan's teaching method is to click pens of different colors on a touch panel, draw and record at the same time, and the computer software will help him record everything he draws, and finally upload the recorded video to the Internet, and everything will be done. ?
6, his teaching video, there is no excellent picture, also can't see the speaker, just want to guide the audience to think a little.
situation
When nicole Nisim, a freshman at the University of Florida, was trapped in trigonometry, she found a video of "Teacher Khan" explaining trigonometry on YouTube instead of asking her teacher or classmates. After reading it several times, the problem was solved. The whole process was convenient and quick, and it didn't cost her a penny. This Khan teacher is Salman Khan, currently the "most popular teacher" on the Internet. Since 2004, he has produced more than 2,300 video tutorials, covering everything from mathematics to the Vietnam War. Statistics show that up to now, 56 million people have watched his "teaching video".