The award statement of the Royal Swedish Academy Science Award pointed out that Owen? Ross and Lloyd? Professor shapley won this year's Nobel Prize mainly because of his "stable matching theory and market design practice". Although these theories are not well known to the public, the game theory that gave birth to them has already entered people's field of vision, which makes the award both unexpected and reasonable. The award-winning statement said that although the two winners independently conducted their own research, the combination of shapley's basic theory and Ross's empirical experiment produced a field to study and improve many market functions. Professor shapley, who is nearly ninety years old, has been engaged in quantitative analysis of game theory for a long time, and his rigorous deduction has been recognized in this field. Shapley value named after him has become an important index of cooperative game research. Professor Ross applies these theories to explore market design in practice. Although the research of the two researchers was done independently, once shapley's basic theory was combined with Ross's experimental practice, a prosperous economic research field was created.

Owen. Ross, born in 195 1, currently works at Harvard Business School. Ross 197 1 graduated from Columbia University with a bachelor's degree in operational research, and then went to Stanford University for postgraduate study. 1973 received a master's degree in operational research, and a year later received a doctorate in operational research. After leaving Stanford, Ross taught at the University of Illinois until 1982. After that, he served as Andrew Mellon Professor of Economics at the University of Pittsburgh until 1998, and then joined Harvard University, where he has been working ever since.

Lloyd. Shapley, born in 1923, is now an honorary professor at UCLA. 1943 entered Harvard, joined the US Air Force as a sergeant in the same year, and went to Chengdu to support China's anti-Japanese war. After the war, he returned to Harvard campus and obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics at 1948. After working in RAND for one year, he returned to the campus and received his Ph.D. from Princeton University at 1953. After that, he returned to work in RAND Corporation until 198 1 and became a professor at UCLA. He is the famous "prisoner's dilemma" problem, and he is second only to him in the field of game theory.

In fact, the two award-winning professors are excellent mathematicians, and their laurels indirectly make up for the shortcomings of the Nobel Prize in Mathematics, which once again shows that rigorous mathematical analysis is an important tool to promote the development of economic theory.

For the specific research contents of the two scholars, we have not introduced more detailed information, and I think few people can understand it, but the author has the following simple understanding of the application of game theory and Nobel Prize theory:

1, since Paul? After Samuelson won the Nobel Prize in Economics, mathematical analysis became the mainstream economic research and the general research paradigm of Nobel Prize winners. But its theoretical basis is standard market economy research. The vast majority of award-winning economists devote their lives to research, which is not an overnight inspiration. The mainstream economics research is too narrow, too quantitative, and divorced from reality, and the standards of the Nobel Prize in Economics are not understood at all. Some people say that grapes are sour. Even denied the traditional economic theory and model. This is understandable, but this idea is utilitarian.

2. In view of the new situation and changes in economic operation, people hope that the theory of Nobel economists can help policy makers get out of the economic predicament and provide countermeasures, and use the results of the Nobel Prize to guide practice, especially the practical problems in China. This is an idealized thinking. Many problems in China, such as urban-rural differences, industry differences, government functions and so on. , are not without a solution, not without the guidance of the Nobel Prize results. There is no real market economy, let alone the Nobel Prize in Economics.

3. The achievements of the Nobel Prize in Economics continuously enrich the basic theories of economics, but they are not utilitarian, but truly professional and far-reaching achievements. For example, game theory has become one of the standard analytical tools of economics. It replaces equilibrium structure with ordered structure and static invariance with gradual change, and it has also made great breakthroughs in theory. From the perspective of the development of economics, the starting point and assumption of modern economic theory represented by neoclassicism has always been that the market mechanism plays a full role, free competition is a mainstream and ideal state, and the subjects participating in the economy have sufficient information to make decisions. However, the actual economic state is often incomplete competition, with partial monopoly and monopolistic competition, and incomplete and asymmetric information. In this case, how to seek rational and utility-maximizing behavior? The application of game theory provides a new analytical tool for traditional economic theory, greatly strengthens its theoretical basis, and turns theoretical hypothesis analysis into theoretical analysis close to reality, thus strengthening neo-liberal theory and expanding its research field. I think this is also an important reason why the Nobel Prize in Economics has been awarded to the field of game theory six times.