(rotation, translation, axial symmetry), preliminary understanding of fractions (understanding of fractions, simple addition and subtraction of fractions with the same denominator), time problem (year, month and day), preliminary understanding of decimals (understanding of decimals, addition and subtraction of decimals), and general composite application problems: normalization problem, multiple ratio problem, summation problem, sum and difference problem, tree planting problem, and area or perimeter of simple combined graphics.