First, multiple-choice questions (* * * two major questions, ***24 points).
(1) multiple-choice questions (3 points for each question, *** 18 points. Only one option in each question is correct. Please fill in the letter of the correct option in the brackets after the question)
1. Light pollution has become one of the most concerned problems in the 2 1 century. According to the measurement, the wall painted with "888" paint can reflect 80% of the sunlight because it is too flat and white. Reading in this environment for a long time is not good for your eyes. Therefore, many people now choose environmentally-friendly wall topcoat when painting walls, so that there will be many small protrusions on the surface to protect their eyesight, mainly because of the use of light ().
A. diffuse reflection B. specular reflection C. refraction D. straight line propagation
2 In 438+0 in Figure 65, what changes the internal energy of an object through heat transfer is ().
3. The connection between the following examples in life and the physical laws expressed by connecting lines is correct ()
A. When paddling backwards, the ship moves forward-inertia B. When braking, people fall forward-the forces are interactive.
C. pry the bottle cap with the bottle cap screwdriver-friction phenomenon D. measure the mass of the object with the principle of steelyard-lever.
4. China's "Chang 'e" unmanned spacecraft is expected to land on the moon in 20 10, and related reports have aroused students' strong interest. According to their own physical knowledge, they put forward the following conjectures, among which there are obvious mistakes ().
A, because the attraction of an object on the moon is less than that on the earth, the mass of the object measured on the moon with a balance is less than that of the same object measured on the earth.
B, because objects are less attractive on the moon than on the earth, people standing on the moon exert less pressure on the surface of the moon than the same person standing on the earth.
C, because the moon has no atmosphere, so when a meteor hits the moon, it will not burn because of friction with the air.
D, because the moon has no atmosphere, ordinary jets can't fly over the moon as normally as they do over the earth.
5. In Figure 2 below, the practice that conforms to the principle of safe electricity use is ().
6. Xiaojun goes to school by bike, because he often forgets to put the bicycle bracket in a hurry and doesn't lock the car when riding or leaving, so he wants to design a circuit to remind him to put the bracket away and lock the car. Requirements: When the bracket of the car is erected (switch S 1 is closed), the buzzer will sound to remind the car to lock; When the car is locked and the key is pulled out (S2 switch is turned off), the buzzer stops ringing. He designed four circuits as shown in Figure 3, of which () meets the requirements.
Figure 3
(2) Indefinite multiple-choice questions (3 points for each question, 6 points for * * *) At least one question in the following example is correct. Please fill in the letter of the correct option in the brackets after the question, and get 3 points, 2 points for incomplete selection, and 0 point for wrong selection or no selection.
7. Physical knowledge is widely used in daily life and production. The following statement is true ()
A, electrical needle-nosed pliers handles are generally equipped with rubber sleeves, mainly to prevent the palm of your hand from being too painful when you hold the handle hard.
B, the principle of the telephone is electromagnetic induction phenomenon, motor coil speed is related to the current.
C, mobile phone spare battery can't be put together with coins, mainly to prevent short circuit of coins from damaging the mobile phone battery.
D, some electrical laboratories are paved with carpets mixed with metal wires, mainly to increase the conductivity of carpets.
8. As shown in Figure 4, Xiaojun saw some scenes on the sports field, which he analyzed with his physical knowledge and thought was correct ().
Figure 4
A, the football kicked by Wang Hao stopped slowly when rolling on the grass, because the football was affected by resistance.
B. There is always a "shadow" behind Zhang Hong in the 100-meter race under the sun, which is caused by the straight-line propagation of light.
C. When zhangyan does pull-ups and stands still on the horizontal bar, his pull on the horizontal bar and his gravity are a pair of balancing forces.
Li Ning jumps very high. When he jumped to the highest point, the potential energy of gravity was the largest.
Fill in the blanks (4 points for each small question, * * 20 points, write the correct answer in the blank of the horizontal line in the question)
9.20 1 1 March11day, a strong earthquake and tsunami occurred in Japan. Many measures and equipment used by medical staff in rescue work contain a lot of physical knowledge. Doctors listen to the patient's heartbeat and breathing with a stethoscope just to increase the sound. The tweezers used to wipe the wound with poisonous cotton were removed. (Fill in "labor-saving lever", "labor-saving lever" or "equal arm lever")
10. Our government has implemented the subsidy project of "Home Appliances Going to the Countryside", and refrigerators have become widely used household appliances. When the refrigerator door is opened in summer, "white gas" often appears near the refrigerator door, and the physical state change process of forming "white gas" is as follows. If a bottle of 750mL mineral water is put into the freezer, when the temperature drops to 5℃, the heat released by the mineral water in the bottle is J (the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2× 103J? (Kg？ ℃)- 1
11.2011March, in the war in Libya, both government troops and anti-government troops dispatched tanks, and the tanks were equipped with tracks to exert pressure, while the tracks were made into concave-convex edges for friction (fill in "increase" and "decrease").
12. In the circuit shown in Figure 5, the light bulb L 1 is marked with "8V, 4W" and L2 is marked with "12V, 9W". After the switch is closed, one of the lights will light normally and will not be burned for safety reasons. The maximum power supply voltage is v, and the maximum indication of A 1 is a.
13. A classmate is sitting on a rotating amusement machine, and the amusement machine starts to rotate and accelerate. In this process, the student's movement state will be; He saw the people and buildings around him spinning, which was his reference conclusion.
Third, drawing and analyzing questions. (**2 small questions, no small questions, 3 points, ***6 points)
14. As shown in Figure 6, a ball with a weight of 20N rolls down on the inclined plane at a constant speed. Draw a diagram of gravity and friction on the ball. Figure 5
15. As shown in Figure 7, a beam of light obliquely shoots from the air to the water surface. Please draw the reflected light and refracted light of this beam in the picture and mark the reflection angle.
Figure 6 Figure 7
Four, experiment and inquiry questions (this question *** 10)
16.( 1) (5 points) Xiaohong and Xiaoming explored "the relationship between mass and volume of matter" with aluminum blocks and some liquid respectively. Xiaohong experimented with scales, measuring cylinders, aluminum blocks of different qualities and water. The experimental data are shown in table 1. Xiaoming experimented with a balance, a measuring cylinder, a beaker and some liquid. First, add some liquid into the beaker, measure their total mass, then measure the volume of some liquid with a measuring cylinder, and repeat for three times. The experimental data are shown in Table 2.
Table 1 Table 2
Experimental serial number aluminum mass (g) aluminum volume (ml) Experimental serial number liquid mass (g) liquid volume (ml)
127 10( 1)58 10
25420(2)6620
38 130(3)7430
(1) There are obvious errors in the data recorded in Table 2 of Xiaoming. The reasons for the error are as follows.
(2) What method is used to process the data in the above table 1 and table 2, which shows that density is a characteristic of matter?
Method 1:;
Method 2:.
(3) The drawing of liquid is g/cm3.
(4) Think back, when we are doing this experiment, why should we choose multiple substances and collect multiple sets of data for each substance? Is it okay to collect only one set of data for each substance? Why?
(2) (5 points) As shown in Figure 8, to explore what factors are related to the magnetism of electromagnets, Xiaoman made the following guess:
Guess a: the electromagnet is magnetic when it is energized, but not when it is de-energized.
Guess B: The greater the current through the electromagnet, the stronger its magnetism.
Conjecture C: The more solenoid turns, the stronger its magnetism.
In order to test whether the above conjecture is correct, Xiaoman team designed the following experimental scheme through communication and cooperation:
A simple electromagnet is made of enameled wire (coated with insulating paint) wound around a large nail several times to attract stitches. A, B, C and D shown in figure 1 1 are four cases observed in the experiment.
According to Xiaoman's guess and experiment, complete the following blanks:
(1)( 1) By observing the electromagnet, we can judge its magnetic strength.
(2)( 1) By comparing the two situations, it can be verified that conjecture A is correct.
(3)( 1) By comparing the two situations, it can be verified that conjecture B is correct.
(4)( 1) By comparing electromagnets A and B in D, it is found that conjecture C is incomplete and should be supplemented.
(5)( 1+2) Xiaoman put forward a new question after finishing the experiment: If the nails of A in D are removed, will A and B attract more nails than B? So further speculation:
D, A is greater than B, E is less than E, A is less than B, F is greater than F, A does not attract G, so it is impossible to judge.
What do you think is the most reasonable reason for her speculation? (Fill in letters)
Five, calculation and problem solving (***2 small questions, ***20 points) requires writing the necessary text description and important calculation steps, only writing the final answer can not give points.
17.(8 points) Students from a physics interest group designed the circuit diagram as shown in Figure 9A for experimental exploration. The power supply is an adjustable DC student power supply, the voltmeter range is "0~ 15V", the ammeter range is "0 ~ 0.6A", the small bulb is marked with "6V 1.2W", and R0 is a constant value of 20ω.
(1) What is the resistance of the light bulb when it emits light normally? (2 points)
(2) When the voltage is 2V, what is the current through R0? What is the heat generated by resistor R0 per minute? (3 points)
(3) Adjust the power supply voltage. When the total power consumed by the small bulb and constant resistor R0 is 0.8W, what is the actual electric power of the small bulb? (3 points)
18.( 12 minutes) 20 10 The Shanghai World Expo was held as scheduled, and nearly 200 venues witnessed the achievements of the builders. As shown in figure 10, it is a schematic diagram of a crane, which is used to lift goods G(G = l0N/kg) with a mass of 4×l02kg and a bottom area of 0.5m2 at a uniform speed. Q:
(1) Before lifting, what is the ground pressure when the goods are still on the horizontal ground?
(2) If it takes 40 seconds for 12m to lift the goods at a uniform speed, what is the lifting speed of the goods?
(3) What is the power of the crane to do work on the goods?
(4) If OA= 12m and OB=4m, regardless of the gravity of the crane itself, in order to prevent the crane from tipping over when lifting goods, what should be at least one object with a mass of m on the right side?
Multiple choice problem
1 - 6
7 - 8 CD ABD
fill (up) a vacancy
9 Loudness and dynamics lever 10 Liquefaction 6.3X 105
1 1 Reduce pressure and increase friction128V1.03a13 Change yourself.
Three Drawing Problems (omitted)
Four experimental inquiry questions
16 (1).( 1) The mass in Table 2 records the total mass of cups and liquids.
(2) Find the ratio of mass and volume, and draw the image of mass and volume.
(3)0.8
(4) Looking for the universal correctness of the conclusion, no, the relationship between mass and volume cannot be found only by measuring a set of data.
(2) How many needles were attracted; ②a、b； ③b、c； (4) Under the condition of equal current; ⑤G，
Step 5 Calculate and solve problems
17.⑴30ω⑵ 12J⑶0.32 w
18.⑴8x 103⑵0.3⑶ 1.2x 103⑷ 1.2x 103