When you get a score, your eyes are full of symbols. These figures, I classify them into five words: point, horizontal, arc, number and special. Number is the center, and points, horizontal arcs and arcs are common collocations, while special collocations (the word points and horizontal arcs are not counted, so the so-called "mess" ends here) are not common.
Numbers-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, these numbers are called volume names. Sing many, hot, dense, French, Sol, La, xi. There is also a 0, called a rest. Don't make any noise when you see it.
Point-It may be a little above, below and to the right of the number (volume name). The point above (below) the number is called the high (low) tone point, which means that the tone is eight degrees higher (lower) than the number. The point on the right is called the attachment point. When you see this point, you should sing the previous notes longer. How long is it? Half the duration of the previous note. Like 5. 5 sing 1 beat, that point is 1/2 beat, sing together 1 beat half.
Horizontal lines-Numbers may have horizontal lines at the top, bottom and right. The horizontal line to the right of the number is called the time-increasing line. If there is a horizontal line, add a beat. The horizontal line below the number is called the time reduction line. If there is a horizontal line, it will cut off half of the original time value, which is a double reduction relationship. The horizontal line above the number is called the hold tone. We are asked to do two things: be punctual/sing loudly.
Arc-The position of the arc can only be above the number. There are three strokes and three meanings. In the first stroke, there is an arc above the three numbers and a number 3 in the middle of the arc. This is called triplet, which is to divide the duration of a beat into three parts to sing. Second, the two numbers under the arc are the same. This is called tone line, which means that the duration of these two sounds is combined to sing. The third drawing method, there are more than two figures under the arc, and at least two figures are different, which is called smooth line. It means that all sounds under the arc should have a smooth effect and sing coherently and roundly.
Let's talk about the last word of the five words: point, horizontal, arc, number and expert-expert.
This word has a lot of content, mostly some special singing skills. Roughly divided into two categories:
First, the fixed prompt class
This is a score that must be given for every score.
1, key signature and time signature. At the lower left of the song title, you will see symbols like 1=C 2/4. The front one is called key signature, and the back one is called the time signature. Key signature sets the height of this song at 1, which is not something we use sound energy. We should look for any keyboard instrument (piano, accordion, electronic organ). The time signature is marked in fractional form. It should be noted that it is a musical concept, not a mathematical concept. It must not be pronounced as "a few minutes", but as "several beats". For example, 2/4, say "four or two beats". The number in the denominator indicates that the song is typed in several tones; The number in the numerator indicates how many beats there are in each bar. You don't have to pay too much attention to the key signature. How high is it? Let the conductor and accompaniment learn. We should pay attention to this time stamp. This symbol, in addition to the numerator and denominator each expressing one meaning, we have to read two other meanings. One is that it specifies the strong and weak order of melody. For example, 2/4 beat strength; 3/4 beat strong, weak, weak; 4/4 beats are strong beats, weak beats, sub-strong beats and weak beats. The other is that it implies the singing style of the work. Generally speaking, 2/4 beat is a March style, neat and smooth; 3/4(6/8) beat is waltz style, cheerful and elegant; 4/4 beat is an ode style, solemn and noble. Ha! I didn't expect that a signature of a small age can read four meanings, did I?
2. Section lines and termination lines. In each score, we will see many small vertical lines, which are bar lines. Bar lines divide a long melody into several small units according to rules, which we call "bars" In each bar, the duration is the same and the relationship between beats is fixed. The basic point of the sense of rhythm we often say comes from the rhythm and beat given by the division of bars. Of course, the higher level comes from the conductor's understanding and handling of songs. There are two small vertical lines at the end of the song, one thin and one thick, which are the termination lines. I've thought about the name, so I won't say much.
Sometimes, you will see a small arc above the bar line and a point below the arc, thus forming an extension mark. Some people call it "cat's eye". This combination of extended marks and bar lines does not deny the role of bar lines, but makes bar lines have special significance. If there are bar lines before and after the "cat's eye", it means that there should be a pause between the two bars before and after the mark; If there is no bar behind the cat's eye, it means that the song is over or over.
Second, the non-fixed prompt class
This mark may or may not exist in the score. I was divided into several categories.
1, courier tips. Mainly strong and weak symbols and decorative sounds, so that the expression of emotions is hierarchical and decorative.
(1) The accent symbol -F. F is the prefix of Italian forto, and the pronunciation of Chinese pinyin is fou tou. Sometimes seeing ff is a sign of "strong". We often say "here are two fou tou", which is in Italian: fortissimo, pronounced as ti xi Mao. Sometimes you will see mf, which is a sign of "medium strength". Italian is mezzo-forte, pronounced meizo foute. There is also the symbol of fff, which means "the strongest". This symbol is relatively rare. Marks indicating strong sounds, starting from the highest level fff, followed by FFF >:ff & gt；; f & gtmf .
(2) Weak tone mark-p.p is the prefix of Italian piano, pronounced in Chinese Pinyin: piano nao. Sometimes seeing pp is a sign of "weakness". We often say "here are two pia nao", which is the weakest sound in Italian and pia ni xi Mao in Italian. Sometimes I see mp, which is a sign of "moderate weakness". Italian is alto-piano, read the piano of Mei Zao. . There is also the sign of ppp, which means "the weakest". This sign is relatively rare. A mark indicating a weak voice, starting with the highest ppp, followed by PPP >；; Pp>p & gtMP3 player.
(3) fade-in and fade-out mark->, < The length of the arrow should be 4-6 times that of this small arrow. It can't be typed in the computer, so it can only be described in words. The former is getting stronger and stronger, and the latter is getting weaker and weaker, which requires gradually changing the intensity in a phrase or paragraph.
(4) stress symbols of individual sounds->; . It is marked above a note, indicating that the note should be emphasized and highlighted.
(5) One tone (one of the decorative tones). On the upper left or right of a note, there are several small notes connected together in the form of sixteenth notes. The one on the upper left is called forward, and the one on the upper right is called backward. These little notes take up a short time, so you can skip them directly.
(6) Boeing (second decorative sound). The symbol written on the note is like a small wave. Boeing can be divided into straight Boeing and reverse Boeing. Because there is no scoring software installed, 16 partials and 32 partials cannot be displayed, so Boeing's singing method cannot be further explained. In class, I will use music to explain.
(7) Echo (the third decorative sound). There are also differences between forward echo and backward echo. It's more troublesome to say. We'll talk about it later in class.
(8) Slippery sound (the fourth decorative sound). Sliding the main note up or down is a glide. Sliding up is called sliding sound; Sliding down is called sliding sound. The marker is an up (down) arrow.
(9) vibrato (fifth decorative sound). It means that a sound repeats alternately quickly and evenly, which is called vibrato. Write it on the lower right of the note with a small diagonal line. The number of diagonal lines is the same as the number of delay lines of notes to be repeated.
(10) vibrato (the sixth decorative sound). The notes marked with marks are the main notes, and the second note above is sung alternately and evenly, which is called vibrato. There are two ways to deal with vibrato: you can start with the second tone above and take turns with the tonic; You can also start with the second note below and take turns with the tonic. Its logo is tr, or a small ripple line is added behind it.
2. Omit the prompt. Mainly repeated marks.
(1) paragraphs are marked repeatedly. ||::||。 When a part needs to be repeated, just put the part to be repeated in the repetition mark. If you need to repeat from the beginning, just write down the second half of the repetition mark.
(2) Mark repeatedly from the beginning. Sometimes I will see a termination line marked with D.C. or D.C.al Fine, and the section line in front of it is a composite vertical line with "cat's eye" on it, or with Fine mark on it. This combination tag is a repeated tag from the beginning. It requires us to go back to the beginning of the song when we sing to the place marked D.C., and then sing to the place marked Fine. The specific meanings of these marks are: d (short for d (da)): fromc (short for c (capo)): beginning; Al: Right; Ok: the song is over.
(3) Repeated marks with different endings. One is what we often call "one government, two houses", so I won't say much. There is also a combination mark. I can't type out the special mark with D.S. and D.S. Let's talk about the music in class.
(4) Repetitive marks with ending marks. (in class)
(5) Repeated marking. (in class)
(6) The phonetic symbols (/,//,//) are repeated in the section. All the sounds in a bar are the same, so you can only write the first beat, and the rest can be replaced by a small diagonal line. The number of diagonal lines is the same as the delay lines of the notes to be repeated.
(7) Full-face repeated marking (. //.； . /.) indicates that this part has a duplicate relationship with the previous part.
(8) Two repeated marks. Add a vertical line between repeated marks in the whole section. The mark is written on a line, which means that the two adjacent lines of the mark are duplicated with the first two lines.
3. Other tips.
(1) Extended tag (cat's eye). You can write it on a note or a rest. It means to extend or pause appropriately according to the needs of music development. Generally speaking, it is twice this value.
(2) breath marks. This is a small mark with a down arrow. It is what we often call an "airport".
(3) phonetic symbols. It is called the rising sign, the falling sign and the recovery sign.
(4) staccato marks. It is an inverted solid triangle. Please mark it and stop singing. Generally, it is the duration of singing marked notes 1/4.
(5) Phonetic tagging. Soprano department (full name soprano, pronounced sa puo la nuo). A .- mezzo-soprano department (full name alto, pronounced re duo). Bill department (full name bill department, pronounced tei nao). B .- bass department (full name bass, read bass).