The Crusade is a war waged by western Christian countries to recapture the holy city of Jerusalem, as well as to plunder land and wealth. ......

1095, Emperor Aresi I of Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) turned to Pope UrbanⅡ for help because he could not bear the Turkish attack. In the same year165438+1October 27th, UrbanⅡ delivered a speech at a religious conference in Claremont, calling on Christian countries to resist Turkish invasion. His appeal received a very enthusiastic response, and the first Crusade began. The Crusade was mainly composed of cavalry and infantry from Norman, Italy and France, and many enthusiastic people took part spontaneously.

1097, the Crusaders arrived in Antioch, the gateway of Jerusalem, and started an siege war. Because there are very powerful cities in the local area, the siege war of more than ten years lasted for eight months. Later, Antioch was betrayed by spies in the city and finally fell into the hands of the Crusaders. 1099, the Crusaders arrived in Jerusalem, and on July 15 of the same year, the Crusaders finally successfully captured this holy city. They carried out a bloody massacre in the city, burning for two days and robbing for two days. Crusaders consider it a glorious act to slaughter pagans. Crusaders established the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Principality of Antioch, the Principality of Tripoli and the Principality of Idrissa in the occupied land.

Later, Muslim countries made a comeback. 1 1 14 years, Islamic countries captured the principality of Idrisa. Faced with this situation, western countries are brewing a crusade again. 1 147, French king Louis VII and Germanic emperor Conrad III led the Crusaders to carry out the second crusade, with the goal of Damascus. There were about 25,000 Crusaders, but on the way, the German army was wiped out and the French army was harassed from time to time. 1 148, the Crusaders arrived in Syria. At that time, there were only about 5000 crusaders. In September of the same year, Conrad III led the army back to China, and half a year later, Louis VII also returned to China. The Crusaders failed to reach the original plan, and the second Crusade ended in failure.

1 187, Jerusalem was captured by the Muslim country Egypt, and the western Christian countries launched the third crusade in 1 188. The expedition was led by Emperor Frederick I of the Holy Roman Empire, King Philip II of France and King Rechard Ⅰ of England. Later, Frederick I died of weakness. Philip II returned home immediately after retaking Yake, and Charles I hastily signed an armistice agreement with Egypt in 1 192 to ensure the safety of pilgrims. Jerusalem was not recaptured at the end of the third Crusade.

1202, the western countries launched the fourth crusade. The original plan was to attack Egypt and attack the local Muslim forces. But in order to avenge the Venetians and restore their economic privileges in the Byzantine Empire, the Crusade actually changed its goal. Soldiers pointed at Constantinople, the capital of Byzantine Empire, the largest Christian country at that time, and occupied the city on 1204. The Crusaders established the Latin Empire, and the Byzantine Empire never recovered.

12 17, the western countries launched the Crusade again, and the fifth Crusade began. This time, the Crusaders attacked Egypt and captured Mieta. Egypt proposed to restore the old kingdom of Jerusalem in exchange for captured Mieta, but the Pope's envoy who commanded the crusade did not accept this proposal. 122 1 year, the Crusaders attacked Cairo and suffered a crushing defeat. The fifth Crusader failed.

1228, Emperor Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire launched the Sixth Crusade. Through negotiations and understanding with pagans, Frederick II signed the Jaffa Agreement with Sultan of Camille, a Muslim country, in February 1 1 65439. Frederick II won Jerusalem and became the king of Jerusalem, and the Christian countries regained the holy city. But this crusade caused public outrage in western countries, because Frederick II had been excommunicated before the crusade.

1244, Christian countries lost Jerusalem again. 1248, King Louis IX of France led the seventh Crusade to attack Egypt. 1849, the Crusaders captured Mieta again. 1950 In April, Louis IX was captured in Manzhoula, Egypt, and was released after paying 400,000 gold coins. In the next four years, Louis IX recaptured several cities in Palestine and then returned to the west.

1July 270, Louis IX launched the last crusade, intending to form an alliance with Tunisia in North Africa, then attack Egypt, then invade Palestine and recapture the holy city. But Tunisia refused to form an alliance with Louis IX. Louis IX attacked Tunisia and was defeated. Later, Louis IX died in the army, and the eighth Crusade ended.

129 1 year, Yako, the last estimated stronghold of eastern Christians, was captured, marking the end of the Crusade that lasted for almost 200 years.

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The purpose of the crusade:

1, recover lost ground; 2. Prevent further Turkish aggression against Europe (such as China's War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea); 3. unite the whole of Europe; 4. Save the whole Eastern Church and realize the unity of the Church.

1096, local people gathered in Juncheng. 1099, Ye Jing fell, and then many small Latin kingdoms were established in all parts of Palestine, with westerners as the leaders, in order to better prevent Turks from making a comeback. But the Crusaders did some bad things, plundered the wealth of the East and aroused the hatred of the East.

Reasons for the failure of the Crusade:

1, lack of strategy; 2. Long-distance travel; 3. Lack of coordination between politics and economy.

The significance of the Crusade:

Although the lost land was not recovered, 1 prevented the Turks from further invading Europe and saved Christian culture. 2. Let Europeans realize that the unity of the Crusaders is based on faith rather than political reasons; 3. Strengthen economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West; 4. The missionary aspect aroused the missionary enthusiasm of western churches.

Negative aspects: 1, which strengthened the division between the eastern and western churches, 1203, plundered the eastern property; 2, moral decay, burning and looting, killing many Muslims; 3. The Pope's power declined, and the Eastern Church blamed the Pope for the Crusades.

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