When Jiangge was nine years old, his father died. He lives in poverty with his younger brother, Jiang Guan, and has no teachers or friends to accompany them. The two brothers encouraged each other and never showed fatigue in reading. When his mother died at the age of sixteen, he was famous for his filial piety. After mourning, Jiang Ge went to imperial academy with his younger brother Jiang Guan, was added as a student in imperial academy, and was rated as excellent in the assessment.
Wang Rong, a calligrapher in the Southern Qi Dynasty, and Xie Yan, a minister in the official department, spoke highly of him. Xie Tiao used to be a royal night watchman. He visited Jiangge on his way home. At that time, it snowed heavily. (Xie Tiao) saw Jiangge covered with a broken quilt and a thin mat, but he was tireless (cold) in his study and sighed for half a day. He took off his cotton-padded coat and cut off half a piece of felt for Jiangge as bedding before leaving.
2.20 10 college entrance examination translation of classical Chinese by Lu Dongjuan Shen Fuchuan Wang Wan Shen Fu, a native of Ren Xia, had an oral debate.
When I was a child, I tasted the joy of mice on the road. It has been said by Taoists that teaching is just a play.
He ordered to pick up the tiles on the roadside, scatter them on the ground and throw them into the pile of mice, so that the mice could not get out. I seduced raccoons. Raccoons tried to take the mice, but they couldn't get in. The raccoon refused for a long time.
The Taoist priest said in a low voice, "Is this so-called eight-array diagram also what this boy wants to learn?" If you are young and don't understand the language, you should say, "I don't want to." The Taoist priest went.
At the beginning of tomorrow, the compound will be a pagoda, traveling between Henan and Shandong, with no income. When I entered Songshan Mountain and met old boys again, I met a Taoist priest, asked him for advice and learned from him.
When the Taoist priest left, he threw a book, but he didn't go and didn't know what to do. Shi Kai's books are all ancient art of war, and they all say that car fighting is very fierce.
I just stayed in the mountains for more than a year and was no longer learned by the stupa. He lost his book at the foot of Songshan Mountain and went to Yingzhou, where he was passed down by Hakka Liu Wengting.
Therefore, Liu Weng is also a hero of Yingzhou. There are hundreds of diners under his door, all of whom are eloquent, but none of them are like him. Liu Weng was the capital at that time.
Only a few people have done all the officials by their ability, but they often don't listen. Emperor Yu acceded to the throne, and the northern soldiers entered from Daan, and the capital was thin, and all nine doors were closed during the day.
So the magistrate was in a hurry and said that he was only in North Korea. Emperor Yu invited him into the temple and burst into tears. He knelt down in the temple and shouted, "I am incompetent, I am willing to help myself."
Gong Liu was appointed as the right assistant minister of the military department, and Gong Jin joined the army at the suggestion, just the deputy general of Beijing camp. However, there are no soldiers for him to recruit. After three days, the soldiers recruited a little and the rate was all in the city. The son of man does not know soldiers, and he is good at using cars, but soldiers cannot walk.
The party chose a day to deploy troops, and it had no time to fight. At that time, powerful people did not have military training, which was different from Gong Liu and Gong Jin. They also avoided using white clothes, made enemies first, and played military tactics day and night to promote war, but they were defeated by stability.
The man in Guangxi is the commander-in-chief of Datong and a famous general, so he went to the capital and relied heavily on it. Both sides lost, and Shi Jing was shocked and frightened.
As a last resort, he wept bitterly and led his troops out of the city overnight. Before they reached the Lugou Bridge, all the people fled and died. Just catching up with the battle, I shot dozens of arrows and saw it killed.
So the rich and powerful people scrambled to blame, but laughed at Gong Liu and Gong Jin for being unkind. And the northern soldiers led them back, but they died for no reason.
A few days after his death, Liu Gongfu set out from the Eighth Route Army and headed for Zunhua. He led the troops to camp in Niangniang Mountain alone. When encountering the law, he will supervise the soldiers to fight to the death. After a day and a night, reinforcements didn't arrive, and he died. (Selected from Volume 34 of Yao Feng Wen Chao, with some deletions) [Note] ①(xρ):Play.
②: Bury ③ (j ǔ): Poverty. With the translation of classical Chinese, Shen Fu, a native of Yunnan, is eloquent, restraining the strong and helping the weak.
When I was a child, I often played with a mouse tied to a rope on the road. A Taoist priest passed by and taught Shen Fu to play games.
So the Taoist priest asked him to pick up the tiles and stones on the roadside, put them on the ground in four directions, and then put the mice in. The mouse ran many times and couldn't escape. Soon the Taoist priest attracted another fox. The fox tried to catch the mouse, but in the end the fox couldn't get into the array. The fox and the mouse confronted each other for a long time.
The Taoist priest said to Shen Fu in the front ear: "This is what we generally call the' Eight Arrays'. Do you want to learn? " Shen Fu was still very young and didn't understand what he meant. He replied, "I don't want to learn this." The man is gone.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shen became a monk and studied Buddhism, traveling between Henan and Shandong, and had no experience in Buddhism. When Shen Fu entered Songshan Mountain, he met a Taoist priest whom he had seen as a child in the past, and asked him to learn that skill to serve as a teacher.
When the Taoist priest left him, he left him a book and left separately. No one knows where he went. Shen Fu opened the book and found that it was all ancient art of war, and the part about car fighting was particularly detailed.
Shen Fu stayed in Songshan, studied for more than a year and never studied Buddhism again. Later, I buried the book at the foot of Songshan Mountain, went out to Yingzhou and lived in the home of an old man named Liu Tingchuan.
There are hundreds of diners who like to talk about the art of war, but none of them can catch up with Shen Fu. Mr. Liu contributed to let Shen Fu go to Beijing.
Shen Fu visited ministers many times with his magic power, but he was often not trusted and accepted. After Emperor Yu ascended the throne, the northern soldiers invaded from Daankou and quickly approached the capital. The nine gates of the capital are closed during the day.
In this case, Mr. Liu Zhilun and Mr. Jin Sheng of Jishi Shu knew that the situation was urgent and recommended Shen Fu to the court. Yu Di summoned Shen Fu in the temple and expressed his condolences to him with a gentle and sincere imperial edict. Shen Fu was moved to tears, kowtowed at the foot of the steps in front of the temple, and shouted, "I'm an abrasive instrument, and I don't have any special talents. I hope to serve the emperor with my life. "
So the emperor immediately appointed Gong Liu as assistant minister of the Military Administration, Gong Jin as an imperial advisor, and Shen Fu as deputy general of Beijing camp. But Shen Fu didn't send troops, so he had to recruit new soldiers himself. After three days, the recruited soldiers gradually gathered together, all of them were children from poor families, and they didn't know how to hold and use weapons in the street, and the spells taught by Shen Fu were mainly in the car, so they could not be trained well in a hurry.
Shen Fu is waiting for the selected date to deploy his men, and he hasn't had time to go to the battlefield. At this time, North Korea's powerful and important officials did not learn this training method, and they repeatedly disagreed with Gong Liu and Gong Jin. They were jealous that Shen Fu was enabled by humble cloth, so they negotiated to let them defend against the enemy first. So they issued a certificate of redeployment day and night, urging Shen Fu to let him play, and at this time it happened that Man Gui was defeated and killed outside Andingmen.
Man Gui, the former company commander of Datong, is a famous veteran. Because he was sent to Beijing for rescue and escort, Yu Di relied heavily on him. After his failure, the whole capital was shocked and frightened.
Shen Fu had to cry bitterly, so he led his men down the rope from the city to the city at night. Before he reached Lugou Bridge, his men had almost escaped. Shen Fu personally engaged with enemy soldiers and was shot by dozens of flying arrows, so he was killed.
In this case, the powerful ministers in the DPRK rushed to accuse Shen Fu, and laughed at Gong Liu and Gong Jin for being heartless and good at their duties. The northern soldiers withdrew their troops and returned to their divisions, ignoring those who died in Shenfu.
A few days after Shen Fu's death, Gong Liu led the Eighth Route Army.
3. Translate Wang Zao's Guo Yongchuan. (Classical Chinese) Guo Yong has a profound knowledge, and is familiar with ancient and modern times. When he has money, he buys books to read. His family has more than 10,000 books. If he can write an article according to things, he can write it down without asking others to know.
Seeing those people who made a name for themselves in ancient times, they were awe-inspiring, closed their books without a sigh, and stayed awake all day, especially admiring Yan Zhenqing. I like to accuse others of their mistakes to their face, and I won't speak ill of others behind their backs; When you hear that others have small acts of kindness, you will be amazed and say that you are not as good as others.
When Du Chong was appointed as the prefect of Daming, his reputation was very high. Guo Yong had planned to visit him several times. Later, one day, someone asked him what he thought of these plans. Du Chong said, "I haven't seen it yet." Guo Yong scolded him, saying, "People are ambitious, but they have no talent, but they like fame, but they have lost their reputation for practical learning and arrogance. If you take on a big responsibility with this, few people will fail. Are you enough to shoulder the heavy responsibility of governance? " Du Chong is very ashamed.
In the winter of the first year of Jingkang, the Jin people invaded the capital again and were blocked inside and outside. Someone told Guo Yong that the two palaces had been taken captive, and Guo Yong fell to the ground and cried. He went on a hunger strike for several days after his family took him home. After hearing that the documents from the Grand Marshal's Office had arrived, he barely had a meal. His loyalty and filial piety is out of his nature.
4. Classical Chinese translation method guidance (1) follows three principles: 1. Faithfulness: make the translation accurate, faithful to the original meaning, and use modern Chinese to translate the original faithfully and appropriately.
2. Expressiveness: fluency, so that the translation conforms to the grammar and usage of modern Chinese, so that words and expressions are fluent and there are no language errors. 3. Elegance means that the translation should be beautiful and natural, vivid and vivid, and perfectly express the writing style of the original text.
(2) Adhere to four steps: 1. Review: See clearly the key words and important grammatical phenomena in the sentence, such as ellipsis, inversion and flexible use. 2. Cut: Cut the sentence into words, and then explain them one by one in the six ways described below.
3. Connection: According to modern Chinese habits, connect the meaning of explanation into a sentence with fluent semantics. 4. Transcription: After translation, bring back the original text, check it carefully and copy the paper; Pay attention to neat handwriting, clear strokes and no typos.
(3) Be familiar with six methods: 1, stay- all words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, and proper nouns, such as country name, year number, emperor name, title, place name, person name, object name, book title, etc. , you can keep it, you don't need to make any changes. For example 1, the people of Zhejiang are already in prison, and they want to save the disease.
People in Zhejiang are very tired every day, so it is better to plow the fields to save this disaster. 2. Correctly translate words that develop from monosyllabic to disyllabic.
There are two main situations in translation: (1) adding a synonym or synonym before or after the original monosyllabic word to synthesize a disyllabic word (the original word is one of the morphemes). For example, we should not fall into the evil trap in order to avoid it.
(04 Hubei Volume) Translation: We can't avoid disasters by attaching evil blessings and framing loyalty and righteousness. (2) change a completely different word.
For example, I have no happiness to go abroad. I have done my duty and can no longer think about my people. Jiangxi Volume (07) Translation: As long as I let no one in the country owe taxes, my duty will be completed, and I can no longer consider your people.
3. Disassembly-there are two monosyllabic words in classical Chinese and only one disyllabic word in vernacular Chinese. For such a word, it needs to be split into two monosyllabic words for translation, not the meaning of the disyllabic words in vernacular Chinese. For example, as the old saying goes, "right and wrong" should be translated into "this right and wrong" and "equipment" should be translated into "setting precautions".
4. Add-add the omitted components of the sentence and the new content after flexible use of words. (1) The omitted part of the sentence must be filled in.
For example, there are many differences in studying and making friends in youth, Xu, Bing and Ji. Zhong Changtong studied in Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Bingzhou and Jizhou, and most people who made friends with him thought he was different.
(2) When parts of speech are used in daily life, the new content after flexible use must be supplemented according to the types of flexible use. For example, Guo Yizhi praised White King.
Guo was very surprised and took a piece of paper to tell him. 5, delete-some function words in classical Chinese have no practical meaning, or modal auxiliary words, or indicate pause, or fill syllables, or play a connecting role, and can be deleted without hard translation.
For example, Guy Chen Zhong upholds justice (07 National Volume 1). 6. Tone-adjust the inverted sentences in classical Chinese to conform to the habits of modern grammar.
For example, a locust tree is planted in front of the door, with sparse branches and leaves, and sometimes it is fed by elk. There is a locust tree in front of the house, with lush foliage. He often cooks porridge for hungry people under the tree.
(4) Pay attention to seven key points From the subjective translation of classical Chinese in recent years, we examine the understanding of the whole sentence, but the proposer's choice of the sentence is unique. They often choose sentences with important grammatical phenomena for candidates to translate, and they are also listed as scoring points in the college entrance examination. Therefore, candidates must pay special attention to these points.
Pay attention to the following seven points when answering questions: 1, flexible use of parts of speech is a unique grammatical phenomenon in classical Chinese, and flexible sentences of parts of speech are also of special concern to proposition experts in the college entrance examination. Therefore, when translating classical Chinese, we must grasp it carefully and distinguish it carefully.
Flexible use of parts of speech mainly includes flexible use of nouns, adjectives and verbs. When we encounter sentences with flexible parts of speech when translating classical Chinese, we should first judge the types of flexible parts of speech and then infer their meanings.
Example 1: A younger brother is a monarch, and a monarch is a younger brother. When a brother is a monarch, treat him with the courtesy of your monarch; when a monarch is a monarch, treat him with the courtesy of your brother.
Example 2: My brother said, "No matter whether my brother can't chop wood, he can, and it's a shame." So I will be back soon.
(08 Shandong Volume) Translation: My brother said, "Not to mention that my brother can't cut wood. Even if he can, he can't do it. " So let Mr. Zhang go home quickly.
(Key points: "No matter" (two monosyllabic words), "Qiao" (noun verb) and "ghost" (verb) Ex. 3. Li traveled all over the country in the name of martial arts, but there was no suitable one. (05 Hubei Volume) Translation: Li Chao has been famous for his martial arts since then, and he has traveled all over the country without rivals.
Exodus 4: the husband eats for the people, and the people are in trouble. Father and son can't live together without eating for three days.
Eating is the biggest thing for ordinary people, and ordinary people can't live without it. If you don't eat for three days, your father and son can't live.
Analysis: "grain" is used flexibly as a verb to eat food. 2. Special Sentences There are many special sentences in classical Chinese, such as "judgment sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences and ellipsis sentences".
Sentences with special sentence patterns are often valued by proposition teachers. In order to accurately translate such sentences, we must be able to translate their sentence features; Otherwise, it is very easy to lose points.
Example 1. In fact, it can be inferred that the people of Wu rely on their talents. The truth is that he is a native of Wu, self-reliant and brilliant. He recommended few poems (or poets).
Commentary: A judgment sentence without linguistic symbols. Exodus 2. In recent days, it is difficult to succeed. Because of your wisdom and determination, the sinner was killed.
[Preposition Object Sentence] (08 National Volume II) Translation: It will cause trouble recently. Fortunately, your majesty was wise and decisive, so he severely punished the sinner. Commentary: structural auxiliary words. "