(1)x and y are related;
(2) The relationship between X and Y is not formed by other factors;
(3) The change of X precedes the change of Y in time. For example, "the degree of social integration affects deviant behavior", then, first of all, "social integration (the degree to which a person combines with most people in social organizations) and" deviant behavior (behaviors that deviate from or violate social norms) are related, and they change together.
Secondly, if we control other factors that may be related to deviant behavior (such as socio-economic status, age, gender, etc. ), "social integration" and "deviant behavior" are still related.
Finally, the change of "social integration" precedes the appearance of "deviant behavior" in time, which can be considered as a causal relationship.
Because of the particularity of causality, things are generally related. In order to understand individual phenomena, we must take them out of the universal relationship and examine them in isolation, one because of the cause and the other because of the result. The particularity of causality in criminal law lies in that it can only be the causal relationship between people's harmful behavior and harmful results.
Extended data:
In informal situations, physicists use the word causality no different from what ordinary people say. For example, in physical theory, some physicists will say that force causes motion (or acceleration). However, strictly speaking, this is not a formal theory of causality.
Causality is not inherent in the formula of motion, but is assumed as an additional constraint, that is, the cause always precedes the result. This restriction has mathematical significance, such as Cramer-Crone relationship.
Causality, as an objective phenomenon and the relationship caused by it, exists objectively and is not influenced by human subjectivity. Because of the chronological order of causality, the cause must come first, and the result can only come later. The chronological order of the two cannot be reversed. In criminal cases, only before the harmful result occurs can the cause be found from the harmful behavior.
The complexity of causality dialectical materialism holds that the diversity of relationships between objective things determines the complexity of causality. The cause of causality in the crime of omission is to prevent things from developing in a dangerous direction, thus causing harmful results. The particularity of causality of omission crime lies in its premise that the actor has specific obligations. In addition, its causality should be solved as a crime.
Baidu encyclopedia-causality