1. Geomorphology: Climate geomorphology mainly includes glaciology, periglacial geomorphology and aeolian geomorphology.

2. Soil science: Soil science is a subject that studies the formation, development and distribution of frozen soil. Frozen soil refers to rocks and soils frozen at or below zero degrees Celsius and containing ice.

3. Palaeogeography: It is a discipline that studies the formation, development and evolution of natural environment in geological period. The main research contents include: reconstructing paleogeographic environment, including the distribution and pattern of paleo-ocean, paleo-land, paleo-climate, paleo-biological environment and paleo-natural geographic zone.

4. Hydrography: It is a subject that studies the nature, morphological characteristics, changes, time-history distribution and regional differentiation of various water bodies on the earth's surface. It is a branch of geography and hydrology.

5. Soil geography: it is a subject that studies the relationship between soil and geographical environment. It is an interdisciplinary subject between pedology and physical geography. It studies the formation, evolution, classification and distribution of soil, and provides scientific basis for evaluating, improving, utilizing and protecting soil resources and developing agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry production. ?

Extended data:

The subject mainly includes the following four aspects:

Historical natural geography, historical human geography, regional historical geography and historical map.

1, historical physical geography is a subject that studies the changes and laws of natural geographical environment in historical periods. Like modern physical geography, historical physical geography has various branches and fields. At present, there are more and more studies on historical climate, historical plant geography, historical landforms and historical hydrogeology.

2. Historical human geography is a subject that studies the changes and laws of human geographical environment in historical periods. Like modern human geography, historical human geography has many branches, but the research degree is far less than modern human geography. Among them, historical population geography, urban historical geography and historical economic geography are studied more.

3. With the in-depth study of historical natural geography and historical human geography, regional historical geography has also been further developed. Representative works include several monographs on British historical geography by Darby, Historical Geography of America by Brown and Historical Geography of the Soviet Union by Drovazhev.

4. Historical geography is differentiated from the development of modern geography, and its development has greatly enriched the content of modern geography. The task of historical geography is not only to "restore" the geographical environment of the past as much as possible, but also to reveal the laws and characteristics of the development and evolution of geographical environment.

References:

Historical Geography Major-Baidu Encyclopedia