The difference between the optimization of new learning plans in junior high school and the improvement of ab mainly lies in the different teaching content and difficulty. The optimization of the new junior middle school learning plan refers to the modification, perfection and optimization of the original learning plan to make it more in line with the teaching requirements and students' learning needs. The contents of optimization mainly include teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching methods and teaching evaluation, so that students can better master knowledge and skills and improve teaching effect. Improving ab course refers to providing students with more in-depth and advanced course content, including mathematics, English, physics and other subjects in junior high school. It is difficult to improve the ab course in grade three, which requires students to have a certain academic foundation and learning ability. To sum up, the optimization of the new junior middle school learning plan is mainly aimed at modifying and perfecting the original teaching content to improve the teaching effect; The purpose of improving ab course is to provide students with more in-depth and advanced subject content in junior high school and challenge their learning ability and level.