The factors affecting architectural design include the surrounding environment, the availability and types of materials, and the imagination and creativity of architects. Give some historical examples to illustrate this move.
In order to build pyramids, it is necessary to calculate the shape, size, quantity and arrangement of stones, which depends on the knowledge of right triangle, square, Pythagoras theorem, volume and estimation in mathematics.
According to archaeologists' estimation, the Great Pyramid of Khufu in Egypt consists of about 2.3 million stones, each of which weighs an average of 2.5 tons, and even exceeds 15 tons. How were these stones collected and transported in the Middle Ages when the production tools were backward more than 4,000 years ago? How did these huge stones form such a magnificent pyramid? This has always been a difficult mystery to solve.
John? Taylor is an amateur in astronomy and mathematics. He studied many documents about the origin of the Great Pyramid. After calculation, he found that the Great Pyramid of Khufu contains many incredible mathematical principles. He first noticed that the base angle of the Great Pyramid of Khufu was not 60 degrees. But 5 1.5 1', so it is found that the area of each wall triangle is equal to the square of its height. In addition, the ratio of tower height to tower foundation perimeter is the ratio of radius of the earth to perimeter. So pi can be obtained by dividing the tower height by twice the bottom edge. Taylor thinks that this ratio can't just be accidental, which shows that the ancient Egyptians in the Middle Ages knew that the earth was round, and they also knew the ratio of radius of the earth to circumference.
In the design and rules of the historic site Machu Picchu in Peru, it is impossible to build it successfully without geometric planning.
The construction of the Parthenon in Greece used the knowledge of golden rectangle, precise measurement, and cutting standard-sized columns into mathematical precise specifications.
The layout and location of Epizavros ancient theater are specially calculated by using geometric precision to improve the acoustic effect and maximize the audience's field of vision.
The architectural appearance of the Italian Colosseum adopts innovative usage of circle, semicircle, hemisphere and vault, which embodies many mathematical ideas.
Byzantine architecture mostly combines the concepts of square, circle, cube and hemisphere with the vault perfectly, just like the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
Most of the architectural structures in the Renaissance are symmetrical, and the elaborate design in symmetry is realized through light and shade, truth and falsehood.
Today, although many new building materials have been discovered one after another, people can use some new mathematical ideas to maximize the potential of these materials. Architects have been able to design almost any shape by using all kinds of ready-made building materials-stone, wood, brick, concrete, iron, steel, glass, synthetic materials (such as plastic), reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete. Now we have witnessed all kinds of structures: hyperbolic paraboloid, fuller grid structure, parabolic plane hanger, some three-dimensional synthetic structures imitating nomadic tents, catenary supporting Tokyo Olympic Stadium, all of which embody mathematical ideas.
Architecture is a field of continuous progress. Architects all over the world are studying, improving or reusing past ideas and creating some new ones. In the final analysis, an architect must have mathematics and materials to support his design structure when he carries out any imagination and design.