"Medical physics" is a branch of the combination of physics and medicine. As a basic course for students majoring in medicine, pharmacy, hygiene and biology, students must not only master the basic concepts and principles of physics, but also master the application of physics in the biomedical field. In the process of compiling teaching materials, I refer to a large number of excellent teaching materials and the latest research results at home and abroad, combine the author's years of teaching reform and practical experience, and strive to make teaching materials better serve the society with the support of digital education technology.
Teaching material characteristics
1. Physics is a subject that studies the laws of nature. Textbooks are printed in color, which is very close to the colorful world. Carefully drawn color graphics and exquisite images not only make books beautiful, but also describe physical phenomena more vividly and accurately. For example, the color board can truly display the colors of light in various bands, which is completely impossible for traditional black-and-white printing. In addition, the textbook also pays special attention to layout design, which makes readers feel pleasing to the eye and produces.
2. In order to highlight the interdisciplinary nature of "medical physics", all chapters of the textbook are integrated into the physical application and research in related biomedical fields, such as the chapter on vibration and wave, and the application of ultrasound in medicine and the working principle of A, B, D and M ultrasound are introduced; The research methods of quantum biology are introduced in quantum physics, and a biomedical application case is also introduced at the beginning of each chapter.
3. The textbook is supported by digital teaching platform, which provides teaching materials in various media for textbook users. By scanning the QR code on the textbook, you can directly link to the physical resource library provided by us. For example, in the application case at the beginning of chapter 1, readers can directly watch the micro-lesson video of Spinal Stress by scanning the QR code.
4. Interaction in classroom teaching has always been a weak link in large class teaching. According to the teaching practice in recent years, we have developed a mobile phone answering system to solve this problem. In order to let more teachers share our teaching results, we have implanted a mobile phone answering system in the supporting electronic teaching plan and set up interactive questions suitable for classroom discussion. Of course, teachers can also design their own classroom discussion questions through our system and conduct classroom discussion. Specifically, the mobile phone answering system provides
5. According to the investigation, the teaching hours of Medical Physics in colleges and universities are long or short. This textbook is compiled according to 68 teaching hours (excluding experimental hours). Considering the length of teaching hours, each chapter of the textbook is written independently, which is convenient for teachers in different colleges to arrange teaching content according to the actual teaching hours.
textbook
In order to facilitate teaching, this book provides teachers with electronic teaching plans. Electronic lesson plans also include graphics, images, movies, animations and physics courseware for teachers. In addition, the lesson plan also provides teachers with a link to the online Q&A system.
Express gratitude/gratitude
In the process of compiling the textbook, Mr. Gu Mu and Mr. Wang Zuyuan gave careful guidance and help. In the construction of supporting resource library, they have received strong support from teachers in the teaching and research section. Mr. Wu Tiangang is responsible for making physical digital models and video materials. Zhao and two teachers have done a lot of work in the construction of question bank, and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks here.
In the process of compiling this textbook, I also got the help of teachers Yang Yaoqin, Tao Huihong and Li Huimin of Xinhua Hospital of Tongji University, and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks.
Limited by the academic level of the editor, there are inevitably some improper places in the textbook. I hope that teachers and students will give more valuable advice in the use process, and we will make amendments in the future reprint to improve the teaching materials in use.
compilers
20 14 June, Tongji university, 1 chapter, introduction to rigid body mechanics and human body mechanics.
1. 1 rigid body rotation
1. 1. 1 translation and rotation of rigid body
1. 1.2 describes the physical quantity of a rigid body rotating on a fixed axis.
1. 1.3 Relationship between angular measure and linear quantity
1.2 Law of Rotation
1.2. 1 torque
1.2.2 Law of Rotation
1.2.3 moment of inertia
1.2.4 centroid motion theorem
1.3 kinetic energy theorem and functional principle of rigid body rotating on fixed axis
1.3. 1 rotational kinetic energy and potential energy of a rigid body
1.3.2 Kinetic Energy Theorem of Rigid Body Rotating on Fixed Axis
1.3.3 Functional principle and conservation law of mechanical energy of a rigid body rotating on a fixed axis
1.4 Theorem of Angular Momentum and Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum of Rigid Body
1.4. 1 angular momentum of rigid body about fixed axis
1.4.2 Angular Momentum Theorem of Rigid Body
1.4.3 Law of conservation of angular momentum of rigid body
1.4.4 rigid body precession
1.5 Elasticity of objects
1.5. 1 linear strain and normal stress
1.5.2 shear strain and shear stress
1.5.3 bulk strain and bulk stress
1.5.4 mechanical properties of bone materials
1.6 introduction to human mechanics
1.6. 1 Mechanical properties of muscle
1.6.2 lever of bone
Chapter 2 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Hemorheology
2. 1 Description of fluid motion
2. 1. 1 Method for describing fluid motion
2. 1.2 Steady flow of velocity field
2. 1.3 streamlined flow tube
2.2 Ideal fluid continuity equation
2.2. 1 ideal fluid
equation of continuity
2.3 Bernoulli equation
2.3. 1 Bernoulli equation of ideal fluid
2.3.2 Application of Bernoulli Equation
2.4 the movement of viscous fluid
2.4. 1 Newton viscosity law
2.4.2 laminar and turbulent Reynolds numbers
poiseuille
2.4.4 Bernoulli Equation of Viscous Fluid
2.5 Motion of Objects in Fluids
2.5. 1 Motion of an object in an ideal fluid
2.5.2 Stokes' Law of Motion of Objects in Viscous Fluids
2.6 Introduction to Hemorheology
Fluid deformation and viscosity
2.6.2 Blood viscosity and its influencing factors
2.6.3 Influence of vascular factors on blood flow
Chapter 3 Vibration and Wave, Sound Wave and Ultrasonic Wave
3. 1 simple harmonic vibration
3. 1. 1 spring vibrator
3. 1.2 describes the physical quantity of simple harmonic vibration.
3. 1.3 Velocity and acceleration of simple harmonic vibration.
3. 1.4 Representation of simple harmonic motion's Rotation Vector
3. 1.5 Energy of simple harmonic vibration.
3.2 Synthesis of simple harmonic motion
3.2. Synthesis of1Co-directional and Co-frequency simple harmonic motion
3.2.2 simple harmonic motion synthetic beats with different frequencies in the same direction.
3.2.3 The synthetic Li Shayu of simple harmonic motion perpendicular to each other is shown in the figure.
3.3 Damping vibration forced vibration * * * vibration
3.3. 1 Damping vibration
3.3.2 Forced vibration * * * vibration
3.4 mechanical wave
Generation and propagation of mechanical waves
Description of fluctuation
3.5 plane harmonic
3.5. 1 Plane Simple Harmonic Function
3.5.2 Physical Meaning of Wave Function
wave energy
3.6 wave diffraction and interference
3.6. 1 huygens main wave diffraction
3.6.2 Wave interference
3.7 Doppler Effect and Superwave Velocity Phenomenon
Doppler effect
shock wave
3.8 sound waves
3.8. 1 sound wave and speed of sound
Sound pressure and intensity
3.8.3 Sound intensity level and loudness level
3.9 Ultrasound and Ultrasonic Diagnosis
3.9. 1 Ultrasonic wave and its application principle
3.9.2 Ultrasonic medical diagnosis
Chapter Four: Molecular Dynamics Theory; Surface phenomena of liquids.
4. 1 Basic concepts of molecular dynamics theory
4. 1. 1 microscopic model of matter
4. 1.2 Macro Description and Micro Description
4. 1.3 Equilibrium state of thermodynamic system
4. 1.4 microscopic model of ideal gas
4. 1.5 Equation of State of Ideal Gas
4.2 Microscopic interpretation of ideal gas
4.2. 1 Statistical significance of ideal gas pressure
4.2.2 Microscopic interpretation of temperature
4.3 Velocity distribution and energy distribution of gas molecules
4.3. 1 Maxwell rate distribution function
4.3.2 Average free path and average collision frequency of molecules
Boltzmann energy distribution
4.4 Transportation process
4.4. 1 heat transfer process
4.4.2 Diffusion phenomenon
4.4.3 Transmembrane transport
4.5 Surface phenomenon of liquid
4.5. 1 Surface tension and surface energy of liquid
4.5.2 Additional pressure of bending liquid level
4.5.3 Wetting and non-wetting phenomena
capillarity
Gas embolism
4.5.6 Surface active substances and surface adsorption phenomenon
Chapter V Thermodynamic Entropy and Life
5. 1 Basic concepts of thermodynamics
5. 1. 1 quasi-static process
5. 1.2 Work
5. 1.3 heat
5. 1.4 internal energy
5.2 First Law of Thermodynamics
5.2. 1 Mathematical Description of the First Law of Thermodynamics
Application of the first law of thermodynamics
5.2.3 Energy exchange and metabolism of living systems
5.3 Carnot cycle in the process of cycle
5.3. 1 cycle process and its efficiency
Carnot cycle
5.4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.4. 1 Description of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.4.2 Statistical significance of the second law of thermodynamics
Carnot's theorem
5.5 Entropy Increasing Entropy Principle
5.5. 1 entropy introduction
Entropy increasing principle
5.5.3 Entropy and Thermodynamic Probability
5.6 Entropy and Life
5.6. 1 thermodynamic basis of life
5.6.2 Entropy and population limit
Chapter VI Electrostatics Bioelectricity Phenomenon
6. 1 electric field electric field intensity
6. 1. 1 charge
6. 1.2 Coulomb's Law
6. 1.3 electric field and electric field intensity
6. 1.4 Calculation of electric field intensity
6.2 Gauss Theorem
6.2. 1 electric field line
electric flux
6.2.3 Gauss Theorem and Its Application
6.3 Loop Theorem Potential of Electrostatic Field
6.3.65438 +0 Loop Theorem of Electrostatic Field under Electric Field Force
6.3.2 Electric potential energy
potential difference
Calculation of electric potential
6.4 Dielectric in Electrostatic Field
dielectric medium
Polarization strength of dielectric
6.4.3 Electric Field in Dielectric
6.5 bioelectric phenomenon
6.5. 1 Discovery of bioelectricity
6.5.2 Causes of bioelectricity
Electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram
Chapter VII Bio-magnetic Effect of Constant Magnetic Field
7. 1 constant magnetic field magnetic induction intensity
7. 1. 1 Origin of magnetism
7. 1.2 magnetic field magnetic induction intensity
7.2 Biot？ savart law
7.2. 1 Biot？ Description of Savart's Law
7.2.2 Biot？ Application of Savart's Law
7.3 Gauss Theorem in Magnetic Field
7.3. 1 magnetic induction line
7.3.2 Gauss Theorem of Magnetic Flux in Constant Magnetic Field
7.4 Ampere Loop Theorem and Its Application
7.4. 1 amp constant magnetic field loop theorem
7.4.2 Application of Ampere Loop Theorem
7.5 Influence of magnetic field on moving charge and current
7.5. 1 Lorentz force
Hall effect
ampere's force
7.5.4 Influence of magnetic field on current-carrying coil
7.6 Magnetic Media
Classification of magnetic media
7.6.2 Magnetization Mechanism of Magnetic Media
7.6.3 Gauss Theorem and Ampere Loop Theorem in the Presence of Medium
7.7 Biological Effect of Magnetic Field
7.7. 1 biomagnetic phenomenon
7.7.2 Influence of magnetic field on organisms
Chapter VIII Electromagnetic Induction Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves
8. 1 Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
8. 1. 1 Law of electromagnetic induction
8. 1.2 Lenz Law
8.2 Dynamic electromotive force induced electromotive force
8.2. 1 dynamic electromotive force
8.2.2 Induced electromotive force induced electric field
8.3 Self-inductance and mutual inductance magnetic field energy
8.3. 1 self-induction phenomenon
8.3.2 Mutual inductance phenomenon
8.4 Maxwell displacement current equation
8.4. 1 displacement current
Complete existing laws
Maxwell equations
8.5 Electromagnetic Wave and Its Influence on Organisms
8.5. 1 Hz experiment
8.5.2 electromagnetic wave characteristics
electromagnetic spectrum
8.5.4 Influence of electromagnetic field on biology
Chapter 9 Wave optics
9. 1 interference of light
9. 1. 1 Coherence of light
9. 1.2 optical path
9. 1.3 Young's double-slit experiment
9. 1.4 thin film interference
9.2 Diffraction of light
9.2. 1 light diffraction phenomenon
9.2.2 Single slit diffraction
9.2.3 Resolution of Optical Instrument for Circular Diffraction
Grating diffraction
9.3 Polarization of light
9.3. 1 natural light and polarized light
9.3.2 Marius's Law of Polarizer and Analyzer
9.3.3 Brewster's Law of Polarization of Reflected and Refracted Light
9.4 birefringence of light
9.4. Birefringence of1Crystal
9.4.2 Elliptically polarized and circularly polarized wave plates
Optically active substance
Chapter 10 Geometric optical medical optical instruments
10. 1 Basic principles of geometric optics
10. 1. 1 ray straight line law
10. 1.2 light reflection law
10. 1.3 Law of refraction of light
10. 1.4 total reflection fiber mirror
10.2 spherical refraction imaging
10.2. 1 image formula of spherical refraction object
10.2.2 optical power and focal length
10.3 thin lens imaging
10.3. 1 object image formula of thin lens
10.3.2 optical power and focal length of thin lens
10.3.3 drawing method of thin lens imaging
10.4 eye
10.4. 1 human eye structure
10.4.2 monocular
10.4.3 adjusted vision of eyes
10.4.4 ametropia and its correction
10.5 magnifying glass
10.6 microscope
Imaging principle of 1 microscope
10.6.2 Resolution of microscope
Chapter 1 1 Fundamentals of Quantum Physics and Quantum Biology
1 1. 1 blackbody radiation and Planck quantum hypothesis
11.1.1thermal radiation
1 1. 1.2 blackbody radiation
1 1. 1.3 blackbody radiation formula
1 1. 1.4 Planck quantum hypothesis
1 1.2 Wave-particle duality of light
1 1.2. 1 photoelectric effect
1 1.2.2 Einstein's light quantum theory
1 1.2.3 Compton effect
1 1.3 hydrogen atom spectrum and bohr theory
1 1.3. 1 hydrogen atom spectrum
1 1.3.2 Bohr's hydrogen atom theory
1 1.4 uncertainty relation of matter wave
1 1.4. 1 de Broglie wave
Experimental verification of 1 1.4.2 de Broglie wave
1 1.4.3 Statistical Interpretation of De Broglie Wave
1 1.4.4 Uncertainty relation
Schrodinger equation with wave function 1 1.5
1 1.5. 1 wave function
1 1.5.2 Schrodinger equation
1 1.5.3 Application of Schrodinger Equation
1 1.6 Fundamentals of Quantum Biology
1 1.6. 1 research methods of quantum biology
1 1.6.2 Research fields of quantum biology
1 1.6.3 quantum pharmacology
1 1.6.4 quantum medicine
Chapter 12 Nuclear Physics NMR * * *
12. 1 Basic Properties of Nuclei
12. 1. 1 nuclear composition
12. 1.2 the mass and size of the nucleus
12. 1.3 nuclide diagram
Spin and magnetic moment of 12. 1.4 nucleus
12.2 Binding Energy and Nuclear Force of Nuclei
12.2. 1 nuclear binding energy
12.2.2 nuclear forces
12.3 nuclear radioactivity
12.3. 1 general phenomenon of radioactivity
Nuclear decay law of 12.3.2 half-life
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12.4 radiation dose and radiation protection
12.4. 1 radiation dose
12.4.2 radiation protection
12.5 Application of Radionuclides in Medicine
1 tracer principle
12.5.2 radiation diagnosis and radiotherapy
12.6 NMR * * * vibration
12.6. 1 basic principle of nuclear magnetic vibration
12.6.2 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer
12.6.3 magnetic vibration imaging
13 chapter laser and x-ray and their medical applications
13. 1 laser
13. 1. 1 laser generation principle
Biological effects of 1.2 laser
13. 1.3 medical application of laser
13. 1.4 brief introduction of medical laser
13.2 x-ray
13.2.65438+X-ray generation
13.2.2 x-ray intensity and hardness
13.2.3 x-ray spectrum
13. 2. 4 x ray absorption
13.2.5 x-ray interaction with matter
13.2.6 biological effects of x-rays
Medical application of 13. 2. 7 Xx light
Appendix common physical constants
refer to
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