Brief introduction of Wang

Wang (1768- 1797), a native of Tianchang, Anhui Province, was a famous female mathematician and writer in Qing Dynasty.

He is the author of One Volume: Addition and Deletion of Western Planning, One Volume: Proof and Mistakes of Re-planning, Four Volumes: Image Counting, Five Volumes: Shu Shu Jian Cun, and One Volume: One in Planning.

The article "Explanation of Eclipse" written by Wang brilliantly expounded the knowledge of the occurrence, phase and depth of eclipse.

Wang de's story

At the age of eleven, Wang went to Jilin with his grandmother to mourn his grandfather and lived in Xuanhua House for five years. In the meantime, I met my girlfriend and discussed the knowledge. "I learned to shoot the wife of Mongolian general A, and she will definitely hit the target and ride and shoot like a fly."

As a teenager, Wang showed an indomitable and strong character. Later, she accompanied her grandmother and father to Beijing, Shaanxi, Hubei, Guangdong and Anhui, visited places of interest, learned a lot and got in touch with many social realities. Later, she married a young man named Zhan Mei in Xuancheng, Anhui.

But after finishing the housework, she still studied tirelessly. 17, 18 century, China formed (1633- 172 1), Mei Juecheng (1681-/kloc-0.

In mathematical research, she pays attention to absorbing the strengths of Chinese and western algorithms, including Mei Wending's, improving her generalization ability, simplifying the complex and using it flexibly, and not being bound by old methods and ideas.

In her Pythagorean triangle solution, she has a wonderful exposition: "There are internal differences between China and the West, but there are also some similarities. But its legal principle is dense and its mind is small, which can not be ignored. Why choose China and the West when seeking truth from facts? It's just that their meanings are extremely eclectic. "

She is very interested in exploring the mysteries of stars in the universe. She not only read Chinese and foreign astronomical works, but also insisted on observing the sky for many years, counting the stars every day, and accumulated a wealth of theoretical knowledge and first-hand astronomical materials.

Regarding astronomy introduced from the west, she is divided into two parts, and thinks that "although the western calendar is very dense, it is not accurate." "Doing something means doing something; If there is something, there is something. " She actively promoted and expounded Copernicus's "Heliocentrism", which was very valuable at that time.

Wang loves science. She often shuts herself in her room without sleeping, eating or doing experiments. Without scientific instruments, she rolled up her sleeves and made it herself. One day, when the doors and windows were closed, Wang hid in his room to carry out astronomical experiments.

Before you know it, it's time to eat. Her mother waited at the door for a long time, but still didn't come out for dinner, so she looked in curiously through the door. I saw the crystal lamp on the table hanging from the beam to shine on the sun, and the small round table pulled down under the lamp shone on the earth and held a mirror to shine on the moon.

While moving and experimenting repeatedly, she constantly observed the positions and relationships of the sun, the moon and the earth, and found astronomical phenomena such as solar eclipse. The article "Solution to the Eclipse" written by her brilliantly expounds the occurrence of the eclipse, the knowledge of the eclipse and the phases of the moon, and the depth of the eclipse.

Taste ambition is better than husband. It is more appropriate to use this poem to summarize the ancient female astronomers in China, such as Wang and others. Wang and others are representatives of female scientists in the history of the development of ethnic science in China, and they should occupy their own position.

Wang's achievements

First of all, mathematicians

As can be seen from her works, she is a female mathematician engaged in astronomical and computational research.

Calculation, also known as financing, strategy, strategy, etc. , sometimes an operator, is a rod-shaped calculation tool. Generally, a group of small sticks with the same length and thickness are made of bamboo or wood, as well as metal, jade, bone and other materials. When not in use, they are put in a special bag or operating cylinder, and placed on a special board, felt or directly on the table. The method of calculation with "calculation" is called "calculation", and the introduction of calculation into Japan is called "arithmetic".

Calculation and preparation originated very early in China. There is a saying in Laozi that "those who are good at counting don't have to count". The earliest record was Sun Tzu's calculation, which was gradually replaced by abacus in the Ming Dynasty.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the British mathematician Napier invented a calculation method, which was introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty, also known as "calculation". Mei Wending and Dai Zhen, famous mathematicians in Qing Dynasty, studied this. Dai Zhen called it "strategic calculation".

Wang also devoted himself to studying this calculation method introduced to China from the west, and wrote three volumes to introduce the western calculation method to Chinese people. In her book, she supplemented and explained the western calculation methods to make them simple and clear.

Napier's multiplication and division method introduced by Wang was easier for readers to understand at that time, but it was more complicated than China's multiplication and division method at that time. Therefore, mathematicians have been using China's calculation method instead of Western calculation.

Many readers regard the calculation methods, multiplication and division at home and abroad as antiques, and adopt the four operations of pen calculation introduced from abroad. This kind of written calculation began to be used in 1903, so the history of using written calculation in China is only 100.