Diabetes 1 is hereditary, and some loci related to diabetes 1 genetic susceptibility have been found in recent years. Type 2 diabetes has a strong genetic tendency, and the heritability is generally higher than 60%. Some genetic genes of type 2 diabetes have been determined one after another. Family survey shows that the prevalence rate of first-degree relatives of diabetes is 5 ~ 2 1 times higher than that of the general population.

(2) obesity

Obesity is one of the most important inducing factors of type 2 diabetes. Body mass index is positively correlated with type 2 diabetes, and centripetal obesity is more closely related to diabetes. In all age groups of men and women, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in overweight people is significantly higher than that in non-overweight people, and the former is about 3 ~ 5 times that of the latter.

(3) Dietary factors

Dietary factors have always been considered to be related to diabetes, and high-energy diet is an important dietary risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Animal experiments have proved that high-fat diet is related to the progress of insulin resistance; On the contrary, eating high dietary fiber can reduce the risk of diabetes.

(4) Lack of physical activity

Many factors show that insufficient physical activity will increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. A survey on the nutrition and health status of residents in China in 2002 showed that the prevalence of diabetes increased by 50% for those who lived for more than 4 hours a day compared with those who lived for less than 1 hour.

(5) Impaired glucose tolerance

Glucose tolerance refers to an intermediate state in which the blood sugar level of patients is between normal people and diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance is a high risk factor for type 2 diabetes. About 65,438+0/3 patients with impaired glucose tolerance developed diabetes after 5 ~ 65,438+00 years of diagnosis.

(6) Hypertension

Many studies have found that patients with hypertension have a higher risk of diabetes than those with normal blood pressure, which may be related to the same risk factors.

(7) Virus infection

Virus has always been considered as a possible trigger of 1 diabetes, and virus infection mainly causes the destruction of autoimmune islet β cells.

(8) Autoimmunity

90% of new cases of 1 type diabetes mellitus have insulin autoantibodies in their plasma. Most scholars believe that diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which islet β cells are destroyed by autoimmune mechanism.

In addition, early life nutrition and feeding methods, smoking behavior, social and psychological factors, education level, medication history, etc. All of them have certain significance in the occurrence of diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases with age, and the peak incidence is 50 ~ 70 years old.