One day, a group of special "guests" came to the forest. They look very special, and the animals are very strange. They are asked to introduce themselves one by one. The first one out was a thin man. The thin man said, "I am 1, as thin as a pencil."
Then another one came out and said, "I am 2, floating on the water like a duckling." The third said, "I'm 3, and I sound like an ear flower." "I am four years old, like a flag fluttering in the wind." "I am five years old, and I hang my coat like a clothes hook." "I'm 6 years old and I smile like a bean sprout." "I'm 7, and I like to cut grass with a sickle." "I am 8, like a twist." "I am 9 years old, just like a spoon can hold rice." "I am 0, like an egg making a cake." As soon as they were introduced, the deer asked, "Who is the oldest among you? Who is the youngest? " 9 stood up and said proudly, "I am 9, I am the oldest." 0 hung his head and said, "I am the youngest." "Yes, it is this meaningless 0." No.9 said in a cold tone.
Just then, the animals and their digital brothers all laughed. 0 is even more embarrassing. Animals don't want to play when they see that 0 is so useless They sing together! Jump! Very happy. Suddenly, an elephant struggled in it for a long time. It has been trying to climb up with great strength. He was so tired that he was sweating profusely, his legs were torn and his blood was flowing.
However, it couldn't climb up, so it had to shout "help!" Help! "When the animals heard this, they rushed to the hole and tried to save the elephant. The number 1 to 9 also came to help. They formed the largest number, 98765432 1, showing the greatest strength. They made great efforts, but they didn't pull the elephant up. At this time, I only heard a weak voice behind me saying, "I'll try, too." "As soon as they saw that it was zero, they reluctantly agreed, which also helped. They regrouped into the number 98765432 10, and their strength suddenly increased by 10 times. Ha ha laugh ...
The elephant was immediately pulled up. The animals are grateful to the digital brothers, but they also feel guilty for being left out. They all come from 0 and want to be friends with 0. Digital brothers also began to pay attention to 0 and are willing to play it. Since then, I have never felt inferior, and I feel that I am still very useful.
2. Beautiful tree planting patterns
A long time ago, the king of the Arabic numeral kingdom celebrated his 20th birthday, and the Roman numeral kingdom sent someone to send 20 precious trees as birthday gifts. Arabic numerals. Minister "20" posted a list of recruiting talents, and whoever can plant these 20 trees skillfully will be rewarded. But no one can design it. Minister "20" thought day and night, turned over a lot of materials and conducted experiments again and again with stones.
He painted thousands of patterns. Painting, trying, suddenly, his eyes lit up and he saw an extremely beautiful pattern. Minister "20" immediately presented this design to the king. The king was very happy when he saw it. "20" The minister pointed to the pattern and said to the king, "Your Majesty, you see, the number of trees in the painting is four in horizontal, vertical and oblique directions, so there are at most 18 rows."
The king said in surprise, "I have never seen such a beautiful and wonderful tree planting pattern in any park." It's fantastic. I will reward you! " . I will reward you! The king said in surprise, "I have never seen such a beautiful and wonderful tree planting pattern in any park." It's fantastic. I will reward you! " "Yes, it was invented and designed by a mathematician named Sam Lloyd. I just used his designs to plant trees. "
Minister No.20 told the truth. "Good, good, you can use this pattern, which is also a meritorious service." As he spoke, the king announced the reward for the "20" minister and named the pattern "20 Pattern", which is the most beautiful tree planting pattern in the world. The king immediately sent someone to plant twenty trees in the palace garden according to the "Twenty Styles". Since then, this beautiful tree planting pattern has been passed down to this day.
3. Butterfly effect
Meteorologist Lorenz put forward an article entitled "Can butterflies flap their wings to cause tornadoes in taxonomic groups?" ? This paper discusses that if the initial condition of a system is a little worse, its result will be very unstable. He called this phenomenon "the butterfly effect". Just like we throw the dice twice, no matter how deliberately we throw them, the two things are the same.
Why did Lorenz write this paper? This story happened in the winter of 196 1 2008. He operated the meteorological computer in the office as usual. Usually, he only needs to input meteorological data such as temperature, humidity and air pressure, and the computer will calculate the possible meteorological data at the next moment according to the built-in three differential equations, thus simulating the meteorological change map. ?
On this day, Lorenz wanted to know more about the subsequent changes of a record. He re-entered the meteorological data at a certain moment into the computer, so that the computer could calculate more subsequent results. At that time, the speed of computer processing data was not fast enough, so he had time to have a cup of coffee and chat with friends for a while before the results came out. An hour later, the results came out, but he was dumbfounded.
Compared with the original information, the original data is similar, and the later data is more different, just like two different pieces of information. The problem is not the computer, but the data he entered is 0.0005438+027. These subtle differences make a world of difference. So it is impossible to accurately predict the weather for a long time.
References:
Cao Cao's Gourd (Volume II) —— Yuan Zhe Science Education Foundation
4. The mathematical genius of animals
Honeycomb is a strictly hexagonal cylinder, with a flat hexagonal opening at one end and a closed hexagonal diamond bottom at the other end, which consists of three identical diamonds. The rhombic obtuse angle of the chassis is 109 degrees 28 minutes, and all acute angles are 70 degrees 32 minutes, which is both firm and material-saving. The honeycomb wall thickness is 0.073 mm, and the error is very small. ?
Red-crowned cranes always move in groups, forming a "human" shape. The angle of the herringbone is 1 10 degrees. More accurate calculation also shows that half the angle of the herringbone-that is, the angle between each side and the direction of the crane group is 54 degrees, 44 minutes and 8 seconds! And the angle of diamond crystal is exactly 54 degrees, 44 minutes and 8 seconds! Is it a coincidence or some "tacit understanding" of nature? The spider's "gossip" net is a complex and beautiful octagonal geometric pattern, and it is difficult for people to draw a symmetrical pattern similar to a spider's net even with the compass of a ruler.
In winter, when a cat sleeps, it always hugs its body into a ball. There is also mathematics in it, because the shape of the ball minimizes the surface area of the body, so it emits the least heat. ?
The real "genius" of mathematics is coral. Coral writes a "calendar" on its body, and "draws" 365 stripes on its wall every year, apparently one a day. Strangely, paleontologists found that corals 350 million years ago "painted" 400 watercolors every year. Astronomers tell us that when the earth has only 2 1.9 hours a day, it is 400 days instead of 365 days a year. (Life Times)
5. Mobius belt
Every piece of paper has two sides and a closed curved edge. If there is a piece of paper with one side and only one side, is it possible for an ant to reach another point from any point on the paper without crossing the edge? In fact, it is possible. Just twist a piece of paper tape in half and stick both ends on it. This is a German toy, which makes a branch of mathematical topology flourish.
In ancient China, mathematics was called arithmetic, also called arithmetic, and was finally changed to mathematics. Arithmetic in ancient China was one of the six arts (called "number" in the six arts).
Mathematics originated from early human production activities. The ancient Babylonians had accumulated some mathematical knowledge, which could be applied to practical problems. Judging from mathematics itself, their mathematical knowledge is only obtained through observation and experience, and there is no comprehensive conclusion and proof. However, we should fully affirm their contribution to mathematics.
The knowledge and application of basic mathematics is an indispensable part of individual and group life. The refinement of its basic concepts can be seen in ancient mathematical classics of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and ancient India. Since then, its development has made small progress. But algebra and geometry at that time were still in an independent state for a long time.
Algebra can be said to be the most widely accepted "mathematics". It can be said that algebra is the first mathematics that everyone has come into contact with since childhood. Algebra, as a discipline to study numbers, is also one of the most important parts of mathematics. Geometry is the earliest branch of mathematics studied by people.
Until the Renaissance in16th century, Descartes founded analytic geometry, which linked algebra and geometry which were completely separated at that time. From then on, we can finally prove the theorem of geometry by calculation. At the same time, abstract algebraic equations can be expressed graphically, and later more subtle calculus was developed.
From Baidu Encyclopedia: Mathematics