What is Chinese studies? What is not Chinese studies? -With regard to the definition of Chinese studies, a blogger, Mr. Guan Tang, and a person who refuted Ma Yifu came across Mr. Liu Mengxi's article "Chinese Studies and Poetics". Because Fan Ceng, a scholar of * * *, was recommended as a "great poet" in the article, he couldn't help but comment and repost it. I didn't read Mr. Liu's original text carefully. Shortly after reposting it, the blogger Mr. Guantang asked, "The teacher said that if we must use the concept of Chinese studies, Chinese studies is the' learning of six arts', that is, poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, Yi, Spring and Autumn. Mr. Ma redefined the concept of Chinese studies. What I admire most is teacher Ma's definition. I don't know what I think of this definition. As soon as I saw such an absurd conclusion, I thought, is this Mr. Ma's? I read Mr. Liu Mengxi's original text, which is Ma Yifu. In my opinion, there is something evil in Ma Yifu's learning, that is, nan huaijin who writes well. His basic fallacy is the same as nan huaijin's. He used Zen to solve the old age and Confucianism to solve it. I don't know the learning of Huang Lao, but the southern skill of the emperor, and Confucianism is the way of the minister. Understanding the old Confucianism with Zen is like evaluating a beautiful woman, saying that she is a bit like a tiger with a basket on her head and eyes like two bells. The above mistakes are the root cause. In addition to these, the definition of Chinese studies alone shows that he is unreasonable. The study of six arts is Confucianism, but is Chinese studies just Confucianism? Aren't Taoism, Legalism, Mohism, Yin and Yang, and famous scholars all Chinese studies? The word sinology is not accurate. It used to be called old school, but it is more appropriate. Mr. Feng Youlan believes that the dispute between western learning in middle schools a hundred years ago was actually a dispute between tradition and modernity. Modern learning is characterized by science, valuelessness and anti-metaphysics. Sinology is China's traditional knowledge, which, like western traditional knowledge, is metaphysical knowledge. The purpose of the study is to enhance people's feelings about the world, which has a clear value appeal. The difference is that Sinology is based on China's cultural tradition. Therefore, I think Ma Yifu's definition is very narrow, and since Hu Shi, the study of national heritage with scientific concepts, that is, the so-called study of "sorting out national heritage", can not be regarded as Chinese studies. Nowadays, many colleges and universities have established Chinese studies institutes. In my opinion, many of them are not studying Chinese studies. Similarly, I think that the Department of Chinese Studies of Tsinghua Research Institute in the 1920s, also known as Qing * * * Research Institute, had little to do with real Chinese studies.

What is Chinese studies? What is Chinese studies education? The name of "Sinology" began in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, European and American academics entered China under the names of "New Learning" and "Western Learning". In contrast, people call China's inherent knowledge "old learning", "middle school" or "national studies". Sinology refers to China's ancient theory. Its representative figure is Confucius, the founder of Sinology.

The thoughts and theories of the pre-Qin philosophers have a far-reaching influence on the traditional culture of China. They formed the thoughts of military strategists, legalists, Mohists, Confucianists and Taoists. These thoughts discuss how to govern the country from different aspects. It had a far-reaching influence on the rulers of past dynasties, and gradually formed China's traditional cultural concept. Sinology can be translated as "Guo Xue" and "Sinology" (meaning China Studies or Sinology). Nowadays, the traditional Chinese studies generally refer to a unique and complete cultural and academic system based on pre-Qin classics and hundred schools of thought, including Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, Han Fu in the same period, parallel prose in Six Dynasties, poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuan Qu and novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and historiography of past dynasties. Therefore, in a broad sense, China's ancient and modern culture and scholarship include China's ancient history, thought, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, painting and calligraphy, music, Yi-ology, martial arts, medicine, astrology, architecture and so on. They are all involved in Chinese studies.

What is Chinese studies? Those are Chinese studies? Sinology is an inherent knowledge of a country. Generally speaking, Sinology refers to the traditional culture and scholarship of China with Confucianism as the main body. Sinology is the traditional culture and knowledge of China, including medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics and so on. Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, customs, textual research, ethics, edition and so on. , with Confucian philosophy as the mainstream; In terms of ideological system, it should be divided into three schools: pre-Qin philosophers, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. As far as Sikuquanshu is concerned, Chinese studies should be divided into four parts, namely classics, history, scholars and books collection. As far as the lectures on Chinese studies by Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, are concerned, they should be divided into primary schools, classics, history, philosophers and literature.

What is New Chinese Studies? What is old Chinese studies? What is Chinese studies? (Supplement) The new sinology is an academic acquired through innovation on the basis of inheriting the existing old sinology. The emergence of this kind of scholarship conforms to the main theme of the times, which is not only the requirement of scientific spirit, but also an academic theory to study the composition of the material world under the guidance of pure mathematics, physics and chemistry. It transforms the existing material theory into the world of studying spirit and ideology, but it does not conflict with the material world and finds a way to solve people's material environment, spiritual environment and ideological environment. This is a material and spiritual world. The foundation of new sinology is the excellent wisdom of science and technology and traditional culture, and it is also an organic combination of the two. Neo-sinology not only pays attention to the material world, but also pays attention to the spiritual world and ideological world of human environment, and it is also a cultural concern for society and human beings to truly enter a harmonious realm. The basic theories of new Chinese studies are Yijing, traditional Chinese medicine, numerology mathematics, physics, chemistry, anatomy and cell biology, and finally form a comprehensive study of the four major environments of the humanistic environment of heaven and earth, but the focus is on the three sub-environments of the humanistic environment, namely, the material environment, the spiritual environment and the ideological environment.

What is Chinese studies? Let's first understand what "Chinese studies" are. "Sinology", as its name implies, is to study China and China. Hanwa, a brick of the Qin Dynasty, is a Sinology (as evidenced by English China). Since the Han Dynasty, the national strength has reached its peak. Overseas, it is also called "Sinology". Although textual research proves that the word "Sinology" has become more popular at the latest in the Southern Song Dynasty, it refers to the academic thought of Confucian classics in a narrow sense, while people in the Han Dynasty mainly focus on famous things and exegesis. Sinology referred to overseas, or it can be understood as the study of the Han nationality, is the study of China, especially the study of China's language, culture, literature, history and customs, which includes China's six arts and five arts. The six arts refer to the six arts of ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics, and the five arts refer to the five arts of mountain, medicine, divination, life and equality, which have a broader explanation. The theory of "Five Arts and Six Arts" contended by a hundred schools of thought can all be called "National Studies", among which Buddhism is a foreign religion, all of which were born in China. Therefore, Chinese studies are also called "China studies" and Sinology. Recently, it was reported that on June 5, 2008, 5438+00, 15, the National College of China Renmin University indicated that it would formally submit an application to the relevant departments for the establishment of a professional degree in Chinese studies. Excuse me, which subject in Chinese studies will set up a "doctor" degree? Or should we set up a "doctor's degree" with five arts and six arts? If one favors one over the other, should other disciplines not be included in the list of "Chinese studies"? (The above article is taken from Nan: Talking about Chinese studies in the fever of Chinese studies. )

The original name of Sinology originally meant national universities, such as ancient imperial academy and imperial academy. Simply talking about Chinese learning refers to pure Chinese learning. Since the spread of western learning to the east and the cultural diversion and transformation, in order to distinguish it from western learning, China academic circles have called China's "six arts and five techniques" as "national studies". Western learning flourished in the East, while Eastern learning declined. Around the New Youth Movement since the May 4th Movement, some masters of Chinese studies began to argue with Western learning to protect Chinese studies. The western school thinks that western learning is completely accepted and middle school is neglected. Sinology is unique to China, but in the modern history of China, sinology and western learning began to develop separately in China due to the distinction between China and the West, while sinology rose in the early 20th century and flourished in11920s. In Chinese mainland, Sinology was destroyed by breaking the four traditions. Since the reform and opening up at the end of the Cultural Revolution, China people's ideological, academic and cultural freedom has gradually recovered, and the academic space of China's traditional culture has gradually expanded and prospered. Since the reform and opening up in the 1980s, "Sinology" has revived to this day. (The above article is taken from Nan: Talking about Chinese studies in the fever of Chinese studies. )

Regarding the establishment of a degree in Chinese studies in universities, some people say that the orientation of a degree in Chinese studies is very vague. In fact, the field and scope of Chinese studies are not vague. With the gradual decline of western learning, Chinese studies have also experienced ups and downs, and it is not easy to get to today. With the growth of China traditional culture and the historical development of China, Sinology has rich philosophical connotations. Chinese studies are not philosophy. However, the history of Sinology includes China's philosophical development for thousands of years, and Sinology cannot exist alone without the traditional culture of China. If we want to find the basic basis for setting up a degree, we must fully revive China's traditional Chinese culture, including the theory of "five arts and six arts and a hundred schools of thought". The modernization of Chinese studies is to revive and modernize cultural knowledge with five techniques and six arts. (This article is reproduced by Nan, but please indicate Nan. (The above article is taken from Nan: Talking about Chinese studies in the fever of Chinese studies. )

In view of this, in March 2008, Mr. Ji Xianlin, a national treasure academic master and master of Chinese studies, was interviewed in Beijing 30 1 Hospital and put forward the concept of "Great Chinese Studies" with great foresight. He said: "Chinese studies should be within the scope of' great Chinese studies', not Chinese studies in a narrow sense. The cultures of various regions and 56 ethnic groups in China have all been included in the category of' national studies'. Regional culture and national culture have different forms of expression, but they are the same as the culture of China. " It is a unified "cultural harmony". Therefore, I think that the learning of five arts and six arts, all the learning in our country, east, west, north and south, can be called Chinese studies, that is, the learning of the Republic of China, which can be called Chinese studies. Internationally, similar nouns are called Sinology or China Studies. In view of the fact that in the current international society, western scholars exclude Tibetan studies and Manchu studies from Sinology, intentionally or unintentionally destroying the historical era of China's unification, and they call China studies "China studies", including China Sinology and the ancient Three Emperors and Five Emperors, including Emperor Yan. (Blog of Great Chinese Studies Circle)

All remarks and public opinions against the great cultural integration of the Chinese nation are trampling on the national culture and extremely irresponsible. Mr. Ji Xianlin, the master of Chinese studies, put forward the theory of great Chinese studies, which is conducive to the great integration of the national culture of the Chinese nation, to the great integration of the national culture accumulated for 5,000 years, and to the cohesion of the cultural centripetal force of the Chinese nation! Conducive to the great unity of the Chinese nation. (Blog of Great Chinese Studies Circle)

Sinology, which rose at the beginning of the twentieth century, flourished in the twenties, and there was a "root-seeking" craze in the eighties. The craze for "Chinese studies" in the 1990s has since revived, which is the reflection and face-up of modern people on traditional culture. Today is the repositioning of traditional culture in today's multicultural China and even the world.

The theory of "Chinese studies" came into being in the historical period of western learning spreading to the east and cultural transformation. Strictly speaking, the academic circles have not given us a unified and clear definition of Chinese studies so far. Famous experts have different opinions, but they can't agree. Generally speaking, Deng Shi, the quintessence of Chinese culture, wrote in 1906: "What is a China scholar? A country's learning is also. Life with land is on it, because there is a country, and people with a country have their own knowledge. Those who learn, learn from a country, think that the country is used, and rule a country. " Lecture on Chinese Studies, Chinese Cooking Magazine. 19) Mr. Deng's concept of Chinese studies is very broad, but he mainly emphasizes the practicality of Chinese studies.

Generally speaking, Sinology refers to the traditional culture and scholarship of China with Confucianism as the main body. Since Sinology is a traditional culture and academic in China, it undoubtedly includes medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics, etc. It certainly belongs to the category of Sinology, but it can also be said to be an extension of Sinology.

Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, customs, textual research, ethics, edition and so on. , with Confucian philosophy as the mainstream; Ideologically, it should be divided into three schools: pre-Qin philosophers, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of China's thoughts, and everything else is subordinate. Sinology is divided into four parts: classics, history, philosophy and history, but the classics and philosophers are the main ones, especially the classics.

Sikuquanshu is the largest series of books in ancient China. It was compiled in Qianlong period and was completed by first-class scholars Ji Xiaolan, Wang Niansun and Dai Zhen at that time. "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to classics, history, books and collections, and "Daquan" refers to all the collected books.

"Sinology" refers to the abbreviation of academic essence which combines the essence of China traditional culture with the essence of contemporary culture.

Sinology —— China's traditional ideological and cultural scholarship.

The word "Chinese studies" has existed since ancient times. "Li Zhouguan is a pure musician" said: "The musicians are in charge of Chinese studies to teach China children small dances." "The Book of Rites" also said: "The ancient teachers have learned, the party has learned, the technique is orderly, and the state has learned." In ancient China, "Sinology" refers to a national school, equivalent to imperial academy in the Han Dynasty. Since then, the dynasty has changed, and the nature and function of "Sinology" have also changed.

The name of "Sinology" began in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, European and American scholars entered China under the names of "New Learning" and "Western Learning", and were compared with Confucius, the founder of Chinese studies.

In contrast, people call China's inherent knowledge "old learning", "middle school" or "national studies" and so on. Sinology refers to China's ancient theory, among which the pre-Qin philosophers are the representatives. Their thoughts and theories have a far-reaching influence on the traditional culture of China. They formed the thoughts of military strategists, legalists, Mohists, Confucianists and Taoists. These thoughts discuss how to govern the country from different aspects. It had a far-reaching influence on the rulers of past dynasties, and gradually formed China's traditional cultural concept. Sinology can be translated as "Guo Xue" and "Sinology" (meaning China Studies or Sinology). Nowadays, the traditional Chinese studies generally refer to a unique and complete cultural and academic system based on pre-Qin classics and hundred schools of thought, including Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, Han Fu in the same period, parallel prose in Six Dynasties, poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuan Qu and novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and historiography of past dynasties. Therefore, in a broad sense, China's ancient and modern culture and scholarship include China's ancient history, thought, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, painting and calligraphy, music, Yi-ology, martial arts, medicine, astrology, architecture and so on. They are all involved in Chinese studies.