There are associative laws in the content of arithmetic rules in Shanghai primary school mathematics textbooks. From the vertical and horizontal dimensions, from the quantitative and qualitative aspects, this paper compares the arrangement of the content of the algorithm in the primary school mathematics textbooks published by People's Education Press, Soviet Education Press and Beijing Normal University Press. The vertical dimension focuses on the relevance of algorithm content in textbooks of different grades, while the horizontal dimension focuses on the specific arrangement of algorithm units. Quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis respectively analyze the examples and exercises from the perspective of quantity and content. Therefore, the ideas, characteristics and teaching influence of the content arrangement of the three textbooks pay attention to the consistency, structure and appropriateness of the textbooks.