Father Bi Yuan Liang Zi, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, was named Shang Yan; Knowing that he has a bright future, I taught him many ancient books. After that, he gradually accumulated knowledge and made some achievements in Tongcheng School's ancient prose. Bi Yuan died in 19 10. Don't let your grandson drop out of school even if there are difficulties in his will. This year, he is a freshman in Yun Bei High School. Leaving three acres of land, I can't farm at home, and I can only make a living by the hard work of Fu's mother Chen. After graduating from high school, he first entered Nanchang Provincial No.2 Middle School. He likes geometry very much, so he wrote a paper on trajectory.
19 16 graduated from Yichun Provincial No.8 Middle School. The family economy can't afford him to go to college at his own expense. During the summer vacation, I went to Nanchang because of something. I met a teacher and told him that Beijing Normal University (the predecessor of Beijing Normal University, renamed Beiping Normal University and Northwest Normal University in the middle) recruited two Jiangxi students in Nanchang. He hurried to the exam and was admitted to the department of mathematics and science of the school.
19 17, the school established the Mathematical Society, and the Journal of Mathematical Science was founded the following spring. He is the second vice-chairman and the third chairman of the association, and he is re-elected every six months. He was the editor of the magazine until 192 1. The magazine published 15 in 7 * * issues, and published 16 articles. He is also interested in the history of Chinese mathematics and ancient calculations in China. His book Da Yan (Seeking Skill) is the first case in China to study the ancient calculation of China from the viewpoint of modern mathematics.
His translation of "Fundamentals of Geometry" by O. Van Buren is the first book on the basic theory of geometry published in China. 1920, the British mathematician B.A.W Russell (Russe 1 1) came to China and gave a lecture on emerging mathematical logic in Peking University in March of the following year. Fu wrote an abstract for Russell's Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy in advance and published it in Mathematical Journal. Later, he and Zhang Bangming translated the whole book into Chinese, entitled Russell's Arithmetic Philosophy. This is the first new seedling of mathematical logic implanted by China.
After graduating from the Department of Mathematics and Science of Beijing Normal University, he stayed in the middle school attached to his alma mater to teach, transferred back to the Department of Mathematics and Science the following year, was hired as a lecturer, and still worked part-time in the middle school attached to his alma mater. At the same time, he was admitted to the Mathematics Research Department of his alma mater and graduated from 1923 with a bachelor's degree. Due to the Beiyang government's suspension of education funds and long-term arrears in the salaries of national school teachers, he had no savings and had to return to Nanchang Provincial No.2 Middle School 1926 to teach. His paper on trajectory more than ten years ago is still on display in the student achievement room. /kloc-in the winter of 0/928, the authorities of Beiping Normal University accepted the students' opinions and asked him to return to his alma mater. On the recommendation of physics professor Zhang, he was hired as a professor, and the affairs of the department of mathematics were handled by him. Under his guidance, the Mathematics Society of Beiping Normal University published Mathematics Quarterly. In his preface, there is a passage: 1922+ 165438+ Ren Xu's academic system was formed in October.
After the summer vacation this year, the middle school attached to Beijing Normal University has started to pilot one-third of junior high schools. When innovating, we should study and weigh the pros and cons in detail. Director Cheng Tingxi led the experiment of mathematics curriculum reform, and Fu served as a counselor. At that time, it was planned to adopt mixed teaching method in junior middle school mathematics, and Cheng and Fu co-edited a set of Elementary Mixed Mathematics, with a total of 6 volumes. Until the Anti-Japanese War, China's science and engineering textbooks were all foreign textbooks, and the educational system reform increased hundreds of thousands of high school students who did not have suitable Chinese textbooks, and foreign languages were also used. For economically backward China, the price of foreign books is staggering. In order to save the shortage of books, in 1929, Fu joined hands with the teachers of the affiliated middle school to raise funds and set up the mathematics and mathematics collection agency of the affiliated middle school of Changdian Teachers College, and photocopied some popular English and mathematics textbooks of universities and high schools, which were sold at the price of China Book Fair, which was less than one third of the original book price. Universities and middle schools facilitate teaching, and lettering clubs also make a certain profit.
At the same time, he used the surplus of Cong Keshe to hire experts to write mathematics textbooks for junior and senior high schools. He is the editor-in-chief himself, and he reviews every book. By 1935, everyone has come out except high school algebra. This is a set of mathematics textbooks for our national football model. His own book "Plane Geometry in High School" is one of them. It was first published in 1933, and then printed in four editions in 1937, with each edition revised. At that time, the whole country was praising. Teachers who use it all say that it will get twice the result with half the effort.
From the letters from the graduates, he realized that they could not master elementary mathematics with advanced mathematics, so he set up a junior elementary mathematics laboratory in the Department of Mathematics at 1928 to make up for this regret. His original course content was too huge to be realized. But only talked about "the study of plane geometry". The first draft of the handout includes introduction, foundation, proof, drawing, trajectory, minimax and limit. Later, due to the lack of printing conditions during the Anti-Japanese War, this book was not perfect.
From 65438 to 0933, Beiping Normal University holds a summer seminar for middle school math teachers every summer vacation. During the Anti-Japanese War, Shaanxi Province and Northwest Normal College continued to hold, with Fu as the main lecturer. Over the years, it has rarely been repeated. By 1945, there were 32 lectures, and 15, 6 mimeographed lectures. The contents were easily overlooked by ordinary teachers, and even the problems that they didn't know were all his own reading experiences, which could not be found in ordinary books, so they were very precious.
By the end of 1936, Professor Fu's length of service had reached the requirement of 1 year stipulated by the Ministry of Education. He decided to take this opportunity to study in Germany, only to find that all his plans were taken away by the Japanese invaders. 19371in late October, he went to a temporary university in Xi alone. It is extremely difficult to cross the enemy blockade from the occupied area to the rear. Few teachers who ran away brought books. He brought hundreds of foreign books at the expense of freight and risk. As a result, the dormitory behind him became the stack room of the Mathematics Department of Northwest United University.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Fu finished two papers. One is the problem of undirected cyclic arrangement in combinatorial theory: there are m kinds of beads, each of which has n 1, n2, …, nm, and there are n in total. If these beads are used to make rings, how many ways are there? He completely solved this problem, wrote a paper and published it in Science Quarterly of Wuhan University 1942. The other is to discuss the solution number Nb of equation xb=E(E is the identity element) in finite group G of order ab. Frobenius, a famous mathematician, once proved that Nb is a multiple of B, and Nb=b under certain conditions. Fu generalized Frobenius's result and proved the following theorem: Let the order of group G be ab, such as B and A? (a) coprime ((a) is Euler function), and any two different cyclic subgroups of G with * * * yokes are not included in the Sylow subgroup of the same order divisible by A, then NB = B.
By 1945, his length of service is suitable for studying abroad. In autumn, he went to England and stayed at Oxford and Cambridge universities for two years. Beiping Normal University, which moved westward during the Anti-Japanese War, 1946 was renamed Beiping Normal University. This winter, Dean Yuan Dunli appointed Fu as the head of the Department of Mathematics.
In a letter sent from England in May 1947, he said: "As far as the department of mathematics is concerned, there is nothing to do if it is not completely reformed." This year, he returned to China in June 5438 +065438+ 10. After taking office, he decided to run a typical normal mathematics department according to his own ideal. I hope that teachers should not only study hard, but also pay attention to elementary mathematics. First of all, he changed the course of "Elementary Mathematics Research" that he had run for more than 20 years into "Elementary Mathematics Review and Research" and included it in the curriculum plan. 1952 established the teaching and research section of elementary mathematics, and its teaching contents and training methods have made the mathematics departments of normal universities all over the country follow suit and become a trend.
From 65438 to 0948, Fu was specially promoted as a lecturer. In the second year, he left three graduates, changed two old teaching assistants and a lecturer, and invited Professor Tang Zaozhen. Later, he persuaded an old professor who had worked for many years. 1953, more than a dozen new forces were added to the department, and the momentum of the mathematics department began to grow. The expansion of enrollment this year has forced several young teachers to teach basic courses. During evening self-study, they set up a seat to answer questions. He often sits by and listens attentively, gives directions and corrects afterwards. Sometimes teachers are warned in front of students. He practiced this method for many years and established a system of continuing education for teaching assistants, which made young teachers dare not slack off.
Every time he teaches a course, he has to read several books of the same kind and compare their similarities and differences. He often asks students this question for decades. His teaching intention is not only to impart knowledge, but also to inspire students' awareness of academic research and improve their research ability. His principle is that the basic concepts should be clearly explained, the theorem only talks about the main points of proof or the source of theorem, and the details of proof are the students' own business; Use the time saved to talk about your experience. He is good at revealing abstract theories with vivid metaphors, or simulating his views with ordinary things. This kind of art lies in his profound knowledge and good analogy, and the energy invested in preparing lessons can never be measured by time. The same topic, discussed before, is different later. In his teaching history, preparing lessons for the second time is by no means easier than the first time. He loved education all his life. After liberation, he spared no effort to improve the level of mathematics teachers in Beijing middle schools and teach them new knowledge and geometric foundation. His energy is no less than an ordinary professor.
In the early morning of April 9th, 1948, the police of Beiping County broke into the dormitory of Beiping Normal University, beat 10 people, robbed 8 people and took them to the police station. On that day, the students went to the "courtyard" to petition and rescue the arrested students. Fu, as the chairman of the Professors' Association, strongly supports students, and represents that the strike declaration of the Professors' Association is reasonable, powerful and restrained. In the early days of liberation, Beiping Military Management Committee attached great importance to the future of Beiping Normal University. With his courage, Fu stepped forward and made great contributions to preserving the vitality of Beiping Normal University, which became a temporary hope. The producer also attaches great importance to his strong will to love his country and school. 1in the spring of 949, he was the dean of Beijing Normal University and the representative of Beijing people. 1952 was removed from the post of provost, promoted to vice president, and concurrently editor-in-chief of natural science edition of Journal of Beijing Normal University. From 65438 to 0954, he served as a member of the Beijing Municipal People's Committee, and from 65438 to 0956, he was rated as a national model worker. In recent years, he has been promoted more than before. In order to reduce the burden, he resigned as the head of the Department of Mathematics. Before War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was a member of the board of directors of Chinese Mathematical Society and an editor of Mathematical Journal. After liberation, chinese mathematical society and his Beijing branch resumed their meetings at the same time on 1952. He was elected as the executive director of the two sessions and the editor-in-chief of China Mathematics Newspaper and its subsequent Mathematics Bulletin.
Shortly after the liberation of Beiping, President Mao Zedong prepared two tables of banquets and visited his classmate Tang Zaozhen and Mr. li jinxi, a teacher of Beijing Normal University, in Shuncheng Street. Mr. Huang, Mr. Fu and his wife were invited to accompany the tour. During the dinner, Fu spoke a lot, and this meeting gave him great encouragement.
In the following six years, due to the attention of the party, the praise of school leaders and the respect of the masses, his confidence was enhanced. Fu worked hard to cultivate his alma mater, especially to revitalize it. His stomach ulcer has tortured him for decades. At this time, he has no time to give. Every time in the office, he eats some biscuits with tea. Eat less complicated, but I forgot that there is no King Kong in the world. 1956 at a conference table, he had a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, which was not fatal. 1957, Fu just started to recover from his illness, but he still didn't return to work. At the end of June, a reporter from People's Daily came to his home for an interview. He dictated some opinions about intellectuals, while others took notes and wrote One of China's Mistakes. The reporter took it back to the newspaper, but before it was published, someone asked for the manuscript back from the newspaper. After a day or two, the July 1 editorial came out and the movement turned against the Right. Because of this article, he was classified as an ultra-rightist, deprived of all administrative and academic positions, and assigned to work in the reference room of the Department of Mathematics. He once said at home: "I can't hold a book on the podium, but if I have to leave my alma mater to serve the people, I still feel at ease."
196 1, was removed from the rightist hat. 1962,65438+10 month, 14, Fu's favorite students Zhao Cigeng and Min Sihe visited him. When the master and the apprentice meet, they are particularly cordial. Fu said to him, "I, a sinner, shouldn't talk much. Take education reform as an example. What are the benefits? " Disciple began to talk about the absurd things in the so-called educational revolution at 1958. Hearing this, Mr. Wang flew into a rage and said with indignation, "I think some people just want to be Nuo Nuo for thousands of people, not to be jealous of one person ..."
At this time, he suddenly pointed to the temples on both sides, his body was skewed and he suffered from acute cerebral hemorrhage. The next morning, he was rushed to Fuwai Hospital for emergency treatment. Three days later, Fu passed away forever at the age of 64.
1979, the Beijing Municipal Committee re-examined the Rightist "case", thinking that the criticism of him 22 years ago was wrong and completely rehabilitated.