Watson was born in Jiangsu. He likes math since he was a child, and he is very clever.
1930, 19-year-old Hua Luonegeng went to Tsinghua University to study. During his four years in Tsinghua, under the guidance of Professor Xiong Qinglai, Hua studied hard and published more than a dozen papers in succession. Later, he was sent to study in Britain and got a doctorate.
The reporter asked him in the interview: "What is your greatest wish?" Without thinking, he replied, "Work until the last day."
Mathematicians' short stories are very short.
1, Chen Jingrun:
Chen Jingrun is a famous mathematician in China. He doesn't like going to the park and walking, but studying. When he studies, he often forgets to eat and sleep. One day, when Chen Jingrun was having lunch, he touched his head and found that his hair was too long. He should get a haircut quickly, otherwise people will think he is a big girl when they see him. So he left work and ran to the barber shop.
In his youth, he made a thorough and detailed study of the work of Liu Xin, Zhang Heng, dorri and Liu Hui, and refuted their mistakes. Later, he continued to study and made extremely valuable contributions to science and technology. Pi, which is accurate to the sixth decimal place, is one of his most outstanding achievements. In terms of astronomical calendar, he sorted out the documents he could collect from ancient times to the present. And through personal observation and calculation, he made in-depth verification. He pointed out that there were many serious mistakes in the calendar compiled by He Chengtian (370-447 AD) at that time, so he began to compile a new calendar.
500-word stories of "three" mathematicians
The Mathematician's Tale is a book published by Sichuan University Press in 2009 by Sun Jian politician. Through touching and interesting historical examples of mathematicians and some important events in the history of mathematics, this book allows students to understand the life and mathematical achievements of outstanding mathematicians at home and abroad in history and feel the rigorous and persistent exploration spirit of predecessors.
Read 600 words of anecdotes about famous mathematicians!
You are very elegant, aren't you? Me too.
This is the answer I asked.
I have read a book called The Tale of Mathematicians, which tells many stories of famous mathematicians. Such as Pythagoras, Archimedes, Gauss ... Among them, I am most interested in the story about Zu Chongzhi.
Zu Chongzhi was a great scientist in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and his calculation of pi was very accurate. This article is about Zu Chongzhi's Da Li Ming, which was written a long time later. He wrote to the emperor asking for its promulgation and implementation. The emperor ordered Dai Faxing, a favorite in charge of astronomical calendar, to conduct a review. However, Dai Faxing is conservative and a defender of decadent forces. He is strongly opposed to the new calendar. In the face of Dai Faxing's difficulties and attacks, Zu Chongzhi was unmoved and argued with him. In the end, Daming Calendar was not passed, and it was promulgated and implemented in 10 after Zu Chongzhi's death.
I admire Zu Chongzhi's indomitable spirit after reading this story. It is because of this spirit that he can persist. Yes, anything can be successful without the word "persistence". I can't help thinking of many people, including cultural celebrities and patriotic soldiers. Why don't they have such spirit?
Reading "The Mathematician's Story" makes me like mathematics more and makes me understand a lot of truth. In fact, it is not difficult to learn mathematics. Gauss, the prince of mathematics, once had three secrets: 1 Good at observation. 2. Be good at hands-on 3. Good at thinking. In fact, as long as we love mathematics, we will learn it well! If we work as hard as our predecessors in mathematics, we will definitely make a new breakthrough in mathematics!
Okay？
Short stories of Wu's top ten mathematicians.
Say a heavyweight, his name is von Neumann, who once participated in the manufacture of atomic bombs, built the framework of modern computers and made the first reliable modern numerical weather forecast. He is also one of the most outstanding mathematicians in the 20th century. His memory is excellent, and he can quote word for word from 15 years ago's Encyclopedia of British Network or A Tale of Two Cities. At the same time, his mental arithmetic ability is also very strong. Let's learn more about him through several stories.
However, such an interesting and important contributor to the world died young and died in the United States on 1957 at the age of 54. When we use computers and watch the weather forecast now, we must remember that the contributions of these mathematicians and scientists are behind them, and they make the world a better place.
The story of six mathematicians (preferably no more than 50 words)
Mathematics Chen Jingrun's Short Stories
Mathematician Chen Jingrun was thinking while walking, and bumped into a tree trunk and said, "I'm sorry, I'm sorry." Keep thinking.
The short stories of mathematician Rudolph
/kloc-Rudolph, a German mathematician in the 6th century, spent his whole life calculating pi to 35 decimal places, which was later called Rudolph number. After his death, someone else carved this number on his tombstone.
The Short Stories of Mathematician Jacob Bernoulli
Jacques Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician, studied the spiral (known as the thread of life) before his death. After his death, a logarithmic spiral was carved on the tombstone, and the inscription also read: "Although I have changed, I am the same as before." This is a pun, which not only describes the essence of spiral, but also symbolizes his love for mathematics.
Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, at the southern tip of the Italian peninsula in 287 BC. Father is a mathematician and astronomer. Archimedes had a good family upbringing since childhood. 1 1 years old, was sent to study in Alexandria, the cultural center of Greece. In this famous city known as the "Capital of Wisdom", Archimedes Job collected books and learned a lot of knowledge, and became a protege of Euclid students erato Sese and Cannon, studying geometric elements.
The Short Stories of Mathematician Jacob Bernoulli
Jacques Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician, studied the spiral (known as the thread of life) before his death. After his death, a logarithmic spiral was carved on the tombstone, and the inscription also read: "Although I have changed, I am the same as before." This is a pun, which not only describes the essence of spiral, but also symbolizes his love for mathematics.
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Qi longs for the story of mathematicians and the history of mathematics! ! ! ! ! One article is not less than 600 words, and five articles are needed.
Archimedes (287 BC-2 BC12) was a great philosopher, mathematician and Archimedes of physics in ancient Greece.
Go home. Born in Syracuse, Sicily. Archimedes has been to Alexandria. It is said that he invented Archimedes screw pump when he lived in Alexandria, and it is still used in Egypt today. During the Second Punic War, Roman troops besieged Syracuse, and finally Archimedes died at the hands of Roman soldiers.
Archimedes was born in Silas, an ancient city at the southeastern tip of Sicily, Greece. At that time, the splendid culture of ancient Greece had gradually declined, and the economic and cultural center gradually moved to Alexandria, Egypt; On the other hand, the emerging Roman Empire on the Italian Peninsula is also expanding its power. There is also a new country, Carthage, rising in North Africa. Archimedes grew up in this era of alternating old and new forces, and the ancient city of Silas became a wrestling field for many forces. Archimedes's father was an astronomer and mathematician, so he was influenced by his family and loved mathematics very much. When he was about nine years old, his father sent him to study in Alexandria, Egypt. Alexandria was the center of knowledge and culture in the world at that time, and scholars gathered. Literature, mathematics, astronomy and medicine are well developed. Archimedes studied under many famous mathematicians here, including the famous geometry master Euclid, which laid the foundation for his future scientific research.
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Zhi Nuo lived in the ancient Greek city-state of Ilya. He is a student and friend of parmenides, a famous philosopher of the Iliad School. There is no reliable written record about his life. Plato described a visit to Athens by Zhi Nuo and parmenides in the middle of the 5th century BC in his dialogue parmenides, which said: "parmenides is old, about 65 years old; His hair is white, but he is handsome. At that time, Zhi Nuo was about 40 years old, burly and handsome, and people said that he became parmenides's favorite. " According to Zhi Nuo's future.
According to Greek writers, this visit is Plato's fiction. However, Zhi Nuo's viewpoint recorded in Plato's book is generally considered to be quite accurate. People think that Zhi Nuo defended parmenides's "ontology". But unlike his teacher's attempt to prove that existence is "one" rather than "many" but "static" rather than "dynamic", he often proves from the opposite side by reducing to absurdity: "If things are the majority, the same, he cleverly conceived some arguments about sports. His argument is the so-called Zeno paradox. Zhi Nuo has a book "On Nature". In Plato's parmenides, Zhi Nuo said of his own work: "Because of his competitive spirit when he was young, when he finished his work, people stole it, so I couldn't make a decision. Should it be published? " Proklose, a critic in the 5th century AD, wrote a comment on this passage, saying that Zhi Nuo had deduced 40 different paradoxes from the hypothesis of "abundance" and movement. Aristotle's "Physics" and Simplici-us Theos's annotations on physics are all for understanding wisdom. In addition, there are some scattered fragments to provide evidence. There are at least eight existing Zeno paradoxes, among which four paradoxes about movement are particularly famous. Regarding the death of Zhi Nuo, there is a widely circulated story that Zhi Nuo was arrested, tortured and even executed for plotting against the tyrant of ilias (the other is Syracuse).
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Bertrand Russell (1872— 1970) is an English philosopher, mathematician and logician. After graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge University, England, he stayed as a teacher. 1920 to give lectures in China. 1938 ——1944 gave lectures at the university of Chicago and the university of California. 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature. Philosophically, he was a neo-realist in the early days, and put forward logical atomism and monism at the beginning of the 20th century. In mathematics, I have been engaged in the research of mathematical logic and mathematical foundation. The "Russell Paradox" named after him had a great influence on the mathematical foundation of the 20th century. Together with the logic type theory put forward in Whitehead's masterpiece Principles of Mathematics, it successfully solved many paradoxes including Russell's paradox and became a landmark work in the history of human mathematics and mathematical logic. It was this masterpiece that made Russell gain a high reputation. In education, he advocates free education and thinks that the basic purpose of education should be to cultivate four qualities: "vitality, courage, sensitivity and wisdom". Politically, he opposed the war of aggression and advocated pacifism. His important works include Philosophical Principles, Philosophical Problems, Psychoanalysis, Analysis of Things, History of Western Philosophy, On Education and so on.
The life of the character
Bertrand Russell (1872- 1970), a famous bourgeois thinker and social activist in the 20th century, has written more than 40 works and many papers or other articles. His achievements in many aspects have profoundly influenced western philosophy. Lonely childhood1May, 87218th, Russell was born into an aristocratic family in Trelek, monmouth, England. His grandfather Earl john russell served as Prime Minister twice, and was the leader who fought for the passage of the 1832 British Reform Act. Russell's mother died when he was two years old, and his father and sister died about a year later. Grandparents voluntarily assume the responsibility of raising children. Russell's grandmother has liberal political views and often teaches Russell to reflect on his thoughts and behaviors. Grandmother was a devout Puritan, and Russell was oppressed by strict and simple family education. He takes a bath in cold water every morning. Adults never give fruit or drink beer. So Russell was introverted when he was young. He was not sent to school, and was taken care of by foreign nannies and tutors since childhood, learning German, French and Italian. Russell's grandfather has an extremely rich collection of books. He often hides in it, absorbing knowledge of literature, history and geography. He has the habit of thinking hard, which is undoubtedly influenced by his grandmother. By his own admission, he has been bored since he was five years old. He often walks alone in the garden, and sometimes he has suicidal thoughts because of boredom. Russell's childhood provided neural factors and primitive soil for the formation of his withdrawn, arrogant, suspicious and changeable personality and unique dependence thought. When Russell 1 1 was years old, he studied Euclidean geometry with his brother. At that time, he could only accept the definition, but doubted the reliability of the axiom. This doubt determines the style and goal of Russell's philosophical career, that is, to explore the certainty and doubt of "how much we can know and how much we know" in a skeptical and cautious style. 1890 10, Russell was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge University, thus entering an educational garden with fresh air and active thoughts. However, the teacher had little influence on him, but his interaction with his classmates benefited him a lot. Soon, he got to know the famous figures of the school, such as Whitehead, Moore, Mactaggart and economist Keynes, and soon became the most popular one among them. In the third academic year, although Russell passed the degree examination with excellent results, he vowed never to study mathematics that only focused on skills and ignored the proof of basic theories, and instead studied philosophy. He is determined to establish a philosophical system like Hegel and devote himself to the cause of philosophy. When Russell graduated from university, he believed in the philosophy of Hegel and Kant. 1893, he wrote a paper on the philosophy of mathematics, based on geometry, trying to correct Kant's theory that the form of time and space is a priori comprehensive judgment. This qualifies him as a researcher at Cambridge University. At that time, Germany's mathematical theory was very advanced, and a fundamental change was brewing. When Russell thoroughly mastered these theories, he gave up his long-cherished idealism and turned to realism, determined to seek a correct mathematical theory. 1900 In July, I met Pi Nuo, the founder of symbolic logic. After reading Pi Nuo's works, Russell felt that many questions were suddenly answered. In June 5438+10 in the same year, he and Whitehead co-wrote Principles of Mathematics, which were published in three volumes in June 5438 +09 10 and June 5438 +09 1 12. This book is epoch-making in the history of logical development. Since then, logic has been independent from philosophy. Later, German universities classified mathematical logic into the Department of Mathematics. All this proves Russell's special position. Russell found that in the process of people trying to lay a theoretical foundation for mathematics with logic, a basic concept "general category" that is often used to explain other concepts is self-contradictory, so he established the theory of "paradox", also known as "Russell paradox". In order to prove Russell Paradox, many mathematicians and logicians put forward various theoretical schemes, but none of them can explain it. Russell himself interrupted the writing of Principles of Mathematics for further study. Later, he put forward the "type theory" to explain this phenomenon. "type theory" had a great influence, which made mathematicians realize the importance of studying some words and semantics, and also gave birth to another kind of Russell's philosophical thought, namely the principle of logical atomism. The basic argument of Russell's logical atomism is that the world is composed of some simple special facts, and there is only a simple nature and a simple relationship between them, so the way to understand the essence of anything or theme is to analyze until there is no "logical atom" to analyze. Logical atoms are not small particles of matter, but so-called ideas that make up things. Russell's theory had a great influence on Vienna School in the mid-1920s and logic semantics in the 1930s. More important in Russell's philosophy is his "neutral monism". The matter that constitutes the world is neither a pure heart nor a pure thing, let alone the binary opposition between heart and thing, but something that is neither a heart nor a thing and takes a neutral attitude towards heart and thing. This neutral thing sometimes refers to events, sometimes to senses and materials. This "world material" is the most primitive thing that constitutes the mind. These views are embodied in his two books, Analysis of Things and Analysis of Mind, which were completed in 192 1. Russell has always been keen on the discussion of political theory and actively participated in various political activities. As early as 1895, after his first marriage, he took his wife to travel around Europe. He studied the economy and democracy of German society, and praised the * * * Declaration and the three volumes of Das Kapital as masterpieces with great literary talent. At that time, he had contacts with the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, Marxists Baerbel and Liebknecht. During the First World War, he actively engaged in anti-war activities. He joined the Anti-Conscription Association, delivered a series of speeches calling for peace, and gave sincere help to those who refused to take part in the evil war. 19 16 was fined for writing anti-war leaflets 100. As he refused to pay, the court auctioned his books at Cambridge University as collateral. Subsequently, Trinity College also dismissed his faculty. 19 18, he wrote an editorial for an anti-war newspaper and was imprisoned for six months for "insulting the Allies". In view of his reputation, he was sentenced to write and study in a small room in Brixton prison. After the war, Russell visited the Soviet Union and met with Lenin, Trotsky and Gorky. He expressed sympathy for the goal of capitalist belief, but also expressed concern about the political and social lifestyle of the Soviet Union. 1920 August, Russell visited China. He has always sympathized with the oppressed people. In Ying Bu War, he sided with the Boers, so he was extremely isolated among the British nobles.
Bernhard Riemann is a German mathematician and physicist. 1826 was born in BreSlentz, Hanover on September 7th, and 1866 died in Senasca, Italy on July 20th. 1846 He entered the University of G? ttingen to study theology and philosophy, and then transferred to mathematics. During his college years, he went to Berlin University to study and was influenced by jacoby and Dirichlet. 1849 back to Gedingen. 185 1 year received a doctorate. 1854 became a lecturer at the University of G? ttingen, 1859 succeeded Dirichlet as a professor. 185 1 year proves the necessary and sufficient condition for the differentiability of complex variable function (i.e. cauchy-riemann equations). With the help of Dirichlet principle, Riemann mapping theorem is expounded, which becomes the basis of functional geometry theory. 1853 defines Riemann integral and studies the convergence criteria of trigonometric series. 1854, Gauss carried forward his research on differential geometry of surfaces, understood the essence of space by using the concept of manifold, established the concept of Riemannian space by using the positive definite quadratic form determined by the square of differential arc length, and incorporated Euclidean geometry and non-Euclidean geometry into his system. The research paper on Abel function published in 1857 leads to the concept of Riemannian surface, which brings the theory of Abel integral and Abel function to a new turning point and makes a systematic study. Among them, Riemannian surfaces are deeply studied from the perspectives of topology, analysis and algebraic geometry. A series of concepts that have far-reaching influence on the development of algebraic topology are founded, and Riemann-Roche theorem supplemented by G Roche is expounded.
Edit the main results of this paragraph.
In the paper on the distribution of prime numbers published in 1858, Riemann zeta function is studied, and the integral expression of zeta function and its functional equation are given. His famous Riemann conjecture is still unsolved. In addition, he also made great contributions to partial differential equations and their applications in physics. Even for physics itself, such as heat, electromagnetic non-over-distance action and shock wave theory. Riemann's work directly influenced the development of mathematics in the second half of19th century. Many outstanding mathematicians have re-demonstrated the theorem asserted by Riemann, and many branches of mathematics have made brilliant achievements under the influence of Riemann's thought. Riemann first put forward a new idea and method of studying number theory with complex variable function theory, especially zeta function, which initiated a new period of analytic number theory and had a far-reaching influence on the development of simple complex variable function theory.
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Brook Taylor
Brook Taylor, an English mathematician, was born in Edmonton, middlesex on August/885 1685. After 1709, he moved to London and obtained a master's degree in law. 17 12 was elected as a member of the royal society, and received a doctorate in law two years later. In the same year (i.e. 17 14), he became the secretary of the royal society, and resigned for health reasons four years later. 17 17 He solved the numerical equation with Taylor theorem. He died in London on February 29th. 173 165438.
Taylor's main works
Taylor's main work is the Positive and Negative Increment Method published by 17 15. In the book, he stated the famous theorem-Taylor theorem, which was first put forward in his letter to the teacher (mathematician and astronomer) in July of 17 12: where v is the increment of independent variable and the number of streams. He assumes that z changes uniformly with time, so it is a constant. The above formula is expressed in modern form as follows: this formula is developed from Gregory-Newton interpolation formula, and when x = 0, it is called McLaughlin theorem. In 1772, Lagrange emphasized the importance of this formula and called it the basic theorem of differential calculus, but Taylor did not consider the convergence of series in his proof, which made the proof not strict. This work was not completed by Cauchy until11920s. Taylor theorem initiated the finite difference theory, so that any univariate function can be expanded into a power series; Meanwhile, Taylor became the founder of finite difference theory. Taylor also discussed the application of calculus in a series of physical problems, among which the result of transverse vibration of strings is particularly important. He deduced the basic frequency formula by solving the equation, which initiated the study of string vibration. In addition, this book also includes his other creative work in mathematics, such as discussing singular solutions of ordinary differential equations and studying curvature problems. 17 15 published another famous book, the principle of linear perspective, and even published the second edition of the principle of linear perspective (17 19). He developed his linear perspective system in a very strict form, among which the most outstanding contribution was to put forward and use the concept of "vanishing point", which had a certain influence on the development of photogrammetry cartography. In addition, there is a philosophical legacy published in 1793.
"Ba" asks for the story of five mathematicians, and a story is about 100 words, not too long.
Buffon: One day, French mathematician Buffon invited many friends to his home and did an experiment. Buffon spread a big piece of white paper on the table, which was covered with parallel lines with equal distance. He also took out many small needles of equal length, the length of which was half that of parallel lines. Buffon said, "Please feel free to put these small needles on this piece of white paper!" " The guests did as he said.
Buffon's statistics show that everyone * * * throws 22 12 times, in which the small needle intersects the parallel line on the paper 704 times, and 2210 ≈ 704 ≈ 3.142. Buffon said, "This number is an approximation of π. Every time you get an approximation of pi, the more times you throw it, the more accurate the approximation of pi is. " This is the famous Buffon Experiment.
② Mathematical Magician: 198 1 one summer, India held a mental arithmetic contest. The performer is a 37-year-old woman from India. Her name is Shagongtana. On that day, she will compete with an advanced electronic computer with amazing mental arithmetic ability. The staff wrote a long list of 20/kloc-0 bits, asking to find the 23rd root of this number.
As a result, it took Shagongtana only 50 seconds to report the correct answer to the audience. In order to get the same answer, the computer must input 20,000 instructions, and then calculate, which takes much more time than Shagongtana. This anecdote caused a sensation in the world, and Shagongtana was called a "mathematical magician".
3 Hua who worked until the last day: Hua was born in Jiangsu. He likes math since he was a child and is very clever. 1930, 19-year-old Hua went to Tsinghua University to study. During his four years in Tsinghua, under the guidance of Professor Xiong Qinglai, Hua studied hard and published more than a dozen papers in succession. Later, he was sent to study in Britain and got a doctorate.
He studied number theory deeply and got the famous Fahrenheit theorem. The reporter asked him in the interview: "What is your greatest wish?" Without thinking, he replied, "Work until the last day." On the last day of working hard for science, he really fulfilled his promise.
Descartes: French philosopher, mathematician and physicist, one of the founders of analytic geometry. He believes that mathematics is the theory and model of all other sciences, and puts forward a methodology based on mathematics and with deduction as the core. Geometry confirmed Descartes' position in the history of mathematics.
⑤ Vedas: French mathematician. When I was young, I studied law, worked as a lawyer, later engaged in political activities, worked as a member of parliament, and deciphered enemy codes for * * * in the Spanish War. David is also devoted to mathematical research. He was the first to consciously and systematically use letters to represent known numbers, unknowns and their powers, which brought great progress in algebraic theory research.
David discussed various rational transformations of equation roots and found the relationship between equation roots and fractions. David is known as the "father of algebra" in Europe. 1579, David published "Mathematical Laws Applied to Triangle", and also found that this is the first analytical expression of π.
⑥ Gauss: One day, when Gauss was in the second grade of primary school, his math teacher had already handled more than half of the things. Although the class is over, he still wants to finish it, so he plans to give the students a math problem to practice. So the teacher thinks that it will take students a long time to solve his problems, so that they can use this time to deal with unfinished things.
But in a blink of an eye, Gauss had stopped writing and sat there doing nothing. The teacher saw him scold Gauss angrily, but Gauss said he had figured out the answer, which was 55. The teacher was shocked and asked how Gauss worked it out. Gauss replied, I just found that the sum of 1 and 10 is1,the sum of 2 and 9 is also 1 1, and the sum of 3 and 8 is also 1 1.
And11+1+1+1+11= 55, which is how I calculated it. Gauss became a great mathematician when he grew up.