Around 1200, European scholars formally adopted these symbols and systems. In the13rd century, at the initiative of Fibonacci, a mathematician in Pisa, Italy, ordinary Europeans also began to adopt Arabic numerals, which was quite common in the15th century. The shape of Arabic numerals at that time was not exactly the same as that of modern Arabic numerals.
Only relatively close, many mathematicians have made great efforts to make them become today's 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0.
The history of Arabic numerals:
Around 500 AD, with the rise and development of economy, culture and Buddhism, Punjab in the northwest of Indian subcontinent has been in a leading position in mathematics, which originated in India. Astronomer Ayepihite made a new breakthrough in simplifying numbers: he recorded the numbers in a grid, if there were symbols in the first grid.
For example, a point represents 1, then the same point in the second cell represents ten, and the point in the third cell represents one hundred. In this way, not only the digital symbols themselves, but also their position order is of great significance. Indian scholars also introduced the symbol zero. It can be said that these symbols and representations are the old ancestors of Arabic numerals today.