Common in primary schools are: examples, figures, metaphors, classifications and comparisons.
What is common in middle schools are: giving examples, enumerating numbers, analogy, classification, comparison, quotation, drawing charts, defining, explaining and imitating appearances.
"Hypothesis" is not commonly used in primary and junior high schools, but can only be learned in high schools and universities.
(1) example
Give examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This method of explanation is called example. Benefits: Make the meaning expressed in the article clearer, more vivid, more understandable to readers and more convincing. More specific and detailed.
(2) For reference
In order to make the explanation more substantial and specific, we can quote some documents, poems, proverbs, famous sayings, etc., which can make the explanation more convincing. Benefits: Make the article more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of explanatory language. Quoting ancient poems: making expository writing more poetic.
(3) Comparison
Contrast method is an explanatory method to compare two kinds of things and phenomena in the same or different categories to illustrate the characteristics of things. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison. When making a comparison, it can be a comparison of the same kind or a comparison of different kinds. Things can be compared horizontally or vertically. Benefits: Outstanding features (status, influence, etc.). ) to explain the object.
(4) Column number (column data)
In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures must have reliable basis and be as approximate as possible. Benefits: Numbers are the most accurate, scientific and convincing basis for quantitatively explaining the characteristics or reasons of things. Explaining with numbers can not only accurately and objectively reflect the facts, but also be persuasive. ) accurate and convincing to readers.
(5) Classification
It is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification. Classification is an important way to explain complex things clearly. Sometimes it is necessary to explain the characteristics and essence of things from several aspects, which is also a classification. Benefits: clear organization, clear at a glance.
(6) For example
Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy. Benefits: abstract things become concrete, vivid and vivid. (or explain the characteristics of things in an exact, concrete and easy-to-understand way. )
(7) Imitate appearance
In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate appearance, which is called "copy (mó) appearance". Benefits: Make the object of explanation more vivid and specific.
(8) Definition
Defining the essential characteristics of a concept with concise language and scientific terms is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things. Benefits: It can make people understand abstract words more clearly when reading.
(9) explanation
From one side, make some general explanations about a certain characteristic of things. This method is called explanation. Benefits: It enables readers to understand and recognize abstract words more clearly when reading.
(10) Drawing chart (column chart)
In order to explain very complicated things clearly, charts can be used to make up for the shortage of using only words and explain something more directly. More specific. Benefits: it's obvious. Clear organization.
Edit this example
For example, clouds can predict the weather. For example, in Xinjiang, the appearance of clouds means rain. -"Looking at the weather from the clouds" (list the corresponding examples in a wide range)
For example, the bridge opening of a stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" can make the explained object vivid. )
Quotations: Zhang said in the Tang Dynasty that it was "made strangely, and people don't know why". -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (which can increase the persuasiveness of the article)
Character: Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, a little narrow in the middle and a width of 9 meters. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (accurately reflected)
Contrast: When the Yongding River flooded, it was menacing. In the past, the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed away, but nothing happened to this bridge, which shows its firmness. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (highlighting the characteristics of the object of explanation. )
Imitation: Some of these stone lions hold their mother and son, some whisper, some listen to the sound of water, and some look at pedestrians. They are so lifelike. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (makes the explanation more concrete and vivid. )
Classification: According to the building materials and ornate decoration of screens, they can be divided into gold screens, silver screens, gold screens, painted screens, stone screens, wooden screens and bamboo screens. Therefore, there is a distinction between elegance and vulgarity in art, which also reveals the different economic and cultural levels of users. -"Say" screen "(let readers know the types of screens. )
Interpretation: There are two small arches on both sides of the big arch. This creative design not only saves stone and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in the bridge hole and reduces the impact of flood on the bridge when the river surges. At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" makes readers understand the ingenuity of this design. )
Definition: Overall planning method is a mathematical method to arrange the work process. -"overall planning method" (can accurately reveal the essence of things. )