Holiday gifts (different locations have different observation ranges)

1. With the change of observation position, it can be judged that the picture of the observed object has changed accordingly.

2. According to the observed pictures, judge the position of the observer.

Tiananmen Square (observing objects of different shapes in different positions)

1. By observing and comparing some photos, we can identify and judge the corresponding relationship between the shooting location and the photos.

2. By observing a group of photos taken continuously, we can judge the sequence of photos taken.

Extension: Research Paper on Teaching of Mathematics Observation Objects in Grade Four

The cultivation of spatial concept means that students can gradually master certain spatial concepts through objects, graphics and other elements, thus laying a solid foundation for students to form more mature mathematical thinking habits. Students with a strong sense of space usually have strong thinking ability and rich imagination. Under the guidance of the new curriculum standards, the attention of primary school mathematics teachers has also begun to tilt to the direction of cultivating students' spatial concept and observation, enriching the teaching content of primary school mathematics classroom and injecting new vitality. Spatial concept and observation ability are the necessary abilities to learn mathematics well, and also the basic qualities to learn other disciplines and deal with daily affairs. Teachers must grasp the important link of observation teaching and explore the beauty of mathematics with students.

First, observe the importance of physical teaching

Mathematics teaching is an indirect reflection of the essential attributes and internal laws of mathematical objects (spatial form, quantitative relationship, structural relationship, etc.). ), and an ideal activity to understand the content of mathematics according to the general law of thinking, while the concept of space and observation ability belong to the content of mathematical thinking ability. Observation object teaching not only cultivates students' two abilities, but also cultivates students to learn to reason through observation, analogy and deduction, and finally forms good mathematical thinking quality. Observation teaching is to let students think and ask questions by observing the relationship between quantity and shape in nature, and then discuss with their classmates, so that they can find laws, problems, questions and solutions. Its starting point lies in students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, which is conducive to cultivating students' questioning and critical spirit and gradually forming sufficient insight.

Second, the teaching strategy of mathematics observation object in the fourth grade of primary school

(A) to cultivate students' interest in observation.

Observation is the basis of learning mathematics well. Without careful and accurate observation, students can't see the problem clearly and can't write the specific problem-solving process. In observation teaching, teachers can stimulate students' interest in observation through real scenes of multimedia software. Using pictures, animations and moving images provided by multimedia software instead of teachers' oral speeches is not only easy to cultivate students' interest in observation, but also helpful to cultivate students' ability to observe things. In observation teaching, teachers should make students prepare necessary knowledge before observation and train students to observe in time. It is inconceivable that students who have no interest in learning will get good grades, so teachers should first cultivate students' interest in observation, use students' curiosity, guide students to develop curiosity and good habits of observing nature, society, things and people, and focus on cultivating students' sense of space and observation ability.

The math teacher of Gan 'gou Central Primary School in Huining County, Gansu Province asked students to make their own teaching props such as cubes and cylinders, let them observe the different shapes of objects, and write observation diaries, so that students can learn more about life and society, which greatly stimulated their interest in observation.

(2) Teach students how to observe objects.

There must be a way to observe the object, learn to seek cause and effect, ask the result you observed again why, attack your conclusion as an enemy, then demonstrate and break the established thinking mode with deductive thinking. Teachers should teach students the methods of observing objects in the teaching of observing objects, so that students can strengthen their judgment on the target in the process of observing objects, not what you have observed, but what you have not observed, and consciously approach the right way in groping. The observation method in the teaching of observing objects mainly refers to how to analyze and summarize the connotation and extension conditions of objects seen by naked eyes, which is very important to help students solve problems quickly and improve their observation ability and sense of three-dimensional space. Teachers should make students at different levels master complete and correct observation skills through formal and systematic teaching guidance and accurate and simple teaching methods.

In order to better teach students the method of observing objects, we should change the traditional closed teaching method into an open teaching method, in addition, we should change the indoctrination method into a heuristic method, and change the passive imitation of students into active discovery, so that students can perceive objective things and phenomena with their own senses. Instead of setting too many rules for students, let them learn to observe objects and find problems by themselves.

Wutai Primary School in Linzi District, Zibo City invited a professional pottery teacher in the fourth grade math class to guide the students to knead out objects of various shapes. Through the process of doing it themselves, students gradually mastered the method of observing objects and firmly grasped the key points of knowledge. Such novel classroom teaching is also an exercise for students' observation, expressive force and artistic aesthetic ability.

(3) Put forward the observation purpose and task for students.

In the teaching of observation objects, teachers should clearly put forward the corresponding observation purposes and tasks to students, so that students can avoid the blindness and randomness of observation and improve the efficiency of observation objects. With the guidance and help of teachers, students should also break the dependence of thinking path, not just observe objects with a standard or a line, but observe objects from multiple angles, levels and viewpoints, so as to see the whole picture of objects. In addition, students should have their own opinions and independent judgment ability in the process of observing objects, be familiar with the observation purposes and tasks given by teachers, and fully use their brains when encountering problems. Only by observing and analyzing the observed object in a multi-level, multi-angle and multi-direction, and not easily listening to the conclusions and judgments of classmates, can the problem be solved.

In the teaching of observing objects, the math teacher of Xiabancheng Primary School in Chengde County, Hebei Province always points out the purpose and task of observation, preventing students from "crossing the river by feeling the stones", enabling students to explore the mystery of objects with ease in the world of observation, opening up a new world of spatial observation and achieving good results.

In a word, the teaching of observing objects in the fourth grade of primary school plays a connecting role in the whole mathematics stage of primary school. Teachers should closely follow the requirements of the syllabus, arrange and implement the teaching content in a planned and step-by-step manner, so that students can independently complete the activities of the observed objects within the specified time, give full play to the students' main role, and enable students to truly master the observation skills. The teaching of observing objects is to improve students' implicit thinking, observation and spatial understanding ability through explicit object knowledge, so that students can have a deeper overall impression and understanding of objects through participating in teaching, realize the natural generation of knowledge, make students move and make the classroom come alive.