Bertrand Russell (1872- 1970) is a British idealist philosopher, mathematician and logician. In mathematics, I am engaged in the research of mathematical logic and mathematical foundation. The Russell paradox named after him had a great influence on the mathematical foundation of the 20th century. Principles of Mathematics (three volumes) co-authored with White tries to establish logicism. Russell was originally a new realist. At the beginning of the 20th century, he turned to logical positivism and put forward logical atomism, which requires starting from the original fact equivalent to the original proposition in logic and taking this fact as the basic element, so as to build the whole world. Russell believes that this original fact is subjective sensory experience, and these elements are not related to each other, so his theory is the product of idealism and metaphysics. In fact, he inherited the theory of Mahism. Russell also believes that what people feel is "facts" or a collection of "facts", which can neither be considered physical nor psychological, but "neutral". He called this statement "neutral monism" in an attempt to transcend materialism and idealism, but it is still idealism in fact.

From the perspective of education, he advocates free education, and thinks that the basic purpose of education should be to cultivate four qualities of "vitality, courage, sensitivity and wisdom" and develop individualism more. Politically, he opposed the war of aggression and advocated pacifism. His main works are: Principles of Mathematics, Philosophical Problems, Psychoanalysis, Analysis of Things, Outline of Philosophy, etc.