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Are arithmetic and mathematics the same thing?
Arithmetic and mathematics are not equal. Simply put, mathematics is a complete set, so arithmetic is a subset of mathematics.

Analyze the following concepts:

Arithmetic: A branch of mathematics that studies the properties, relations and operational rules of real numbers, including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Calculation: the transformation process of related symbol strings and values according to certain rules. According to the known number, the unknown number is solved by mathematical method.

Operation: the process of finding the result of an expression according to mathematical rules.

Generally speaking, calculation is approximately equal to operation, and there is a branch of mathematics called "computational mathematics". Arithmetic belongs to calculation, and calculation belongs to mathematics. Calculation is a basic process that runs through the whole mathematics discipline and even all fields of natural science.