Economics has been mentioned, from the Luo Ji thinking of 20 12 to getting the app now. In the video program, there are many questions about economy. In the subscription column, there are columns by He Fan and Xue Zhaofeng, and I have subscribed to them. But unfortunately, the contents of these two teachers are still wrong, especially the macroeconomics course in He Fan, which should be said to be almost wrong. I think his column is mainly about his learning methods, such as the way he teaches people to write, which has benefited a lot so far. But this is not the fault of He Fan, but the fault of macroeconomics, because the foundation of macroeconomics itself is not stable. Below I will summarize some of the most serious mistakes in the economics content in the application.

This is the biggest mistake in all economics content in the whole app. The mistake they actually made is to steal the concept. People who advocate irrationality actually confuse the two concepts of "rationality" and "correctness". Rational (selfish) hypothesis only says that people will only choose what is most beneficial to them when making choices, but does not say that the final result after making choices is really most beneficial to people. If the final result actually harms people's interests, it is a wrong choice, "incorrect" and not "irrational". When he first made a choice, he "thought" that it was in his best interest and "actually" it was not good for him. What's so strange about it? It's like any student who takes the exam tries his best to choose the answer that he thinks is correct and can bring him high marks, but almost no student can finally get full marks for all the answers correctly. Isn't that normal? Because he didn't know that the other answer was right, he didn't know, not because he was irrational and deliberately harmed himself.

Of course, it is very simple to explain things with irrationality, but this just shows that these people who explain things with irrationality are rational people, because they find it easier to do research and produce results with irrationality.

That's right! Richard thaler, which won the Nobel Prize in Economics this year, is a real parallel import. If nothing else, let's talk about where the problem of his endowment effect lies. Endowment effect means that once an individual owns an item, his evaluation of the value of the item is much higher than before. Behavioral economists use a lot of experiments to illustrate the correctness of endowment effect, but in fact, many examples can overthrow their theory. If the endowment effect is established, then 20-year-old women will buy more skin care products than 35-year-old women, and everyone will go to the gym instead of dragging their muscles until they are stiff. The article won't be unfaithful to Ma Yili in Yao Di, and I won't drag my weight to100kg before I want to lose weight. The so-called economic experiments are problematic, and all experiments need to control variables, but economics, as a social science, has endless variables, so it is impossible to consider all variables clearly in the current experiments. In fact, it goes without saying that economics, and even biology in natural science, cannot completely control variables. Those behavioral economists don't know where their confidence comes from, and think that experiments can explain the problem. So you can basically judge that all the experiments in economics are wrong.

This is also a point mentioned by many people in the app. In fact, the mistake of this view is easy to break, as in the second grade of primary school mathematics. If I go to the stock market and win 100 yuan, my income is (100 yuan-time spent); If you lose 100 yuan, the loss is (100 yuan+time spent), so the pain of loss is greater than the joy of success. In fact, the essential mistake here is because the cost is ignored, and whether you make money or not, you have to pay the time cost.

Mrs Robinson, a British economist, said: Studying economics is to avoid being cheated by economists. The current situation is that many people study economics, but they are still misled by wrong economics. Of course, this is due to the lack of basic knowledge of economics and the wrong guidance of the media, but more importantly, the lack of critical thinking. Just like the three mistakes mentioned above, it is not difficult to overturn. If you like, you can cite more facts to overthrow them, but most people acquiesce that these things are correct. In the past, we dared not say that it was wrong because of power. Now we have freedom of speech, but we won't. Explain the importance of critical thinking. If you want to acquire this ability, you should start by criticizing your own point of view. Before putting forward your opinion, think about whether it is wrong or not, and whether it is possible to be overturned. Because critical thinking is to criticize your own thinking.