Wang (1768- 1797), a female mathematician, is from Jiangning. She is the daughter of Wang Xichen, a scholar in Qing Dynasty. She wrote one volume, one volume, one volume, four volumes, five volumes, five volumes.
As can be seen from her works, she is a female mathematician engaged in astronomy and computational research.
Also called "meter", "meter" and "calculation". It is a rod-shaped calculation tool. Generally, it is a group of sticks with the same length and thickness made of bamboo or wood, and also made of metal, jade, bone and other materials. When not in use, put it in a special calculation bag or operating cylinder, and put it on a special calculation board, felt or directly on the table. The method of calculating by "meter" is called "meter".
/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the British mathematician Napier invented a calculation method, which was introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty. It is also called "calculation". Mei Wending and Dai Zhen, famous mathematicians in Qing Dynasty, studied it. Dai Zhen called it "strategic calculation". Wang also studied the calculation method introduced from the west to China, and wrote three volumes to introduce the western calculation method to China people. She supplemented and explained the western calculation methods in her works. Simple and clear. Napier's method of calculation, multiplication and division introduced by Wang was relatively easy for readers at that time, but compared with China's method of multiplication and division at that time, it was more complicated. Therefore, mathematicians have been using China's calculation method instead of Western calculation. Nowadays, readers regard the calculation, multiplication and division at home and abroad as antiques, and adopt four kinds of pen calculations imported from abroad, and the calculation is in 1903.
Gao, the predecessor of the Mathematical Society.
Gao (1906- 1978), a native of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, studied hard since childhood and especially liked mathematics.
After graduating from high school, she was admitted to the Mathematics Department of Peking University. Because of her excellent academic performance, she applied to Shanghai Datong University as a math teacher after graduating from 1930 University, and later became a professor and head of the Department of Mathematics. In the classroom teaching, she followed a sentence in the Book of Learning: "A good singer makes people follow their voices, and a good teacher makes people follow their hearts." Therefore, Gao Dui's mathematics teaching has always been conscientious, pragmatic and deeply influenced by it.
He has been engaged in the teaching and research of mathematical analysis (formerly known as advanced calculus), advanced algebra and complex variable functions for a long time. She knows that advanced mathematics is more abstract than elementary mathematics, and laymen often regard it as a kingdom ruled by cold definitions, theorems and laws. Therefore, Professor Gao often tells students that the mathematical structure is rigorous and the proof is concise, which contains the beauty of mathematics. It is like a maze, as long as you study and study hard, you can do it.
After working in Shanghai Datong University for less than five years, her potential scientific research talent was quickly awakened and urged. She assiduously studied the teaching materials, combined with her teaching practice, and wrote a paper "Revision of Clebsch Series", which was serialized in Science Communication 1935 edited by Jiaotong University and was well received by her peers. After liberation, she also wrote On Limit and Determinant.
Gao was one of the few female predecessors when chinese mathematical society was founded. On July 25th, 0935, chinese mathematical society held an inaugural meeting in the library of Shanghai Jiaotong University, attended by * * * 33 people. Gao is one of them. At this annual meeting, she was elected as a member of the chinese mathematical society Council and was re-elected for the second and third terms. On August 25th, 20051,the Chinese Mathematical Society held its first national congress in Peking University, with an unprecedented scale. Gao attended the congress. She is the only female delegate among the 63 delegates. In the 1960s, she was elected as the vice president of Jiangsu Mathematics Society.
Xu Ruiyun, the first female doctor in mathematics.
Xu Ruiyun, 19 15, 15 was born in Shanghai in June, and 1927 was admitted to a famous public girls' middle school in Shanghai in February. Xu Ruiyun liked mathematics since he was a child, and he became more interested in mathematics when he was in middle school. So, 1932 entered the mathematics department of Zhejiang University after graduating from high school in September. At that time, Zhu, Qian Baoyu, Chen Hesu were all professors in the Department of Mathematics of Zhejiang University. Besides, there are several lecturers and teaching assistants. The courses in the Department of Mathematics are mainly taught by Chen and Su. At that time, there were very few students in the department of mathematics. There were five students in two classes in the last session, and there were only a dozen students in this session.
At that time, Su was only 30 years old and looked very young, so some of Xu Ruiyun's classmates thought Su was a teaching assistant, but after listening to a class, she always praised: "I didn't expect the teaching assistant to speak so well." This incident caused laughter in the industry. Under the guidance of Chen and Su, Xu Ruiyun studied hard, listened carefully and took notes carefully, and his exam scores were often full marks. Xu Ruiyun graduated with honors and stayed in the Mathematics Department of Zhejiang University as a teaching assistant. In February 2003, 26-year-old Xu Ruiyun married 28-year-old biology assistant Jiang. Three months after their marriage, Xu Ruiyun and his wife won a scholarship to study in Germany in humbert, and both of them went abroad by boat to study for a doctorate in Germany.
Xu Ruiyun was lucky enough to be admitted by Karakai Wu Li Du, a famous German mathematician, as her doctoral supervisor in mathematics. At that time, many students wanted to ask him to be a tutor, but he didn't agree. Xu Ruiyun, an oriental lady, became a close disciple of Wu in Karakai because of her hard work and solid foundation in mathematics. Xu Ruiyun mainly studies the theory of trigonometric series. This subject originated from the main part of Fourier analysis of heat conduction in physics, which was one of the hot spots in international research at that time, but it was still blank in China.
In order to catch up with the advanced world level in analysis and function theory, Xu Ruiyun spends most of his time in the library. At the end of 0940, Xu Ruiyun received her doctor's degree and became the first female doctor of mathematics in the history of China. Her doctoral thesis "Fourier expansion of singular functions in Lebesgue decomposition" was published in 194 1.
Mr. and Mrs. Xu Ruiyun left Germany in April and returned to their alma mater 194 1. Both of them were hired as associate professors and formally boarded the platform for training talents in the war-torn rear area. Under difficult conditions, Chen and Su did not interrupt the two mathematics discussion classes of function theory and differential geometry that they founded in Hangzhou. This is a scientific research form of learning from each other's strong points and choosing Yan Ying. Xu Ruiyun also participated. 10, Joseph Needham, head of the British scientific delegation to China, visited the Department of Mathematics and the School of Science of Zhejiang University and repeatedly praised: "You are the Cambridge of the East!" This further encouraged Xu Ruiyun to work hard. The students she taught at that time, such as Cao Xihua, Ye, Jin Fulin, Zhao Minyi, Sun Yifeng and Yang Zongdao, all became outstanding mathematicians and mathematicians. 1946, Xu Ruiyun at the age of 3/kloc-0 was promoted to full professor.
1952, Xu Ruiyun was transferred to Zhejiang Normal University as the head of the Department of Mathematics. Since then, she has devoted herself to the hard work of establishing the Department of Mathematics. Under her leadership, the department of mathematics has begun to take shape and the teaching quality has been continuously improved. About one-third of the first undergraduate graduates passed the postgraduate examination. Their department has also become a model of the national counterparts and entered the forefront of the national counterparts. While building the Department of Mathematics, Xu Ruiyun did not forget scientific research.
Hu, the first female mathematics academician in China.
Hu was born in an artistic family in Nanjing. Her grandfather and father are both painters. She was deeply impressed by her childhood, smart and studious, and had a strong sense of painting and music. Her grandfather and father like her very much. When she was in primary school and middle school, she was good at arts and sciences, which helped her to engage in mathematics later.
Although Hu has a wide range of hobbies, her ideal is not to be a painter, but to be admitted to a university for further study. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Hu was admitted to the Mathematics Department of this school, graduated from 1950, and entered the postgraduate class of Professor Su, a famous mathematician of Zhejiang University and the founder of differential geometry in China. 1952 after the adjustment of the department, Professor Su and her transferred to Fudan University in Shanghai. Fudan is the birthplace of China School of Differential Geometry headed by Su.
Hu has been engaged in the research of differential geometry for a long time and has made systematic, in-depth and creative achievements in the field of differential geometry. For example, she developed and perfected the work of French differential geometry master Jadang and others on the deformation theory of hypersurfaces and the characteristics of constant curvature spaces. She studied the related problems of homogeneous Riemannian space motion groups from 1960 to 1965. In this paper, a general and effective method to determine the motion gap in Riemannian space is given, which solves the problem raised by Italian mathematician Fabini 60 years ago. She arranged this result in the book Differential Geometry of Homogeneous Space co-authored with her husband Gu Chaohao. Praised by her peers, she published the extension of affine connection of * * * yoke (1953), A Feature of Projective Flat Space (1958) and Motion Groups and Target Groups of Riemannian Space (1966) in the Journal of Mathematics, one of the highest academic journals in China. She has published more than 70 papers and monographs. She has made great achievements in the research of projective differential geometry, complete motion group of Riemannian space, gauge field and so on, and has become a female mathematician with considerable influence and popularity in the world. Some of her achievements are at the international leading or advanced level. For example, in the study of harmonic mapping, she wrote the monograph Soliton Theory and Application, which developed the results of Soliton Theory and Geometry Theory.
1982 Hu and his collaborators won the third prize of national natural science; 1984, deputy editor-in-chief of Journal of Mathematics and vice chairman of Chinese Mathematical Society; 1989 was hired as the judge of "Chen Shengshen Mathematics Award" in China mathematics field; 1992 was elected as a member of the Department of Mathematical Physics of China Academy of Sciences (1994 was renamed as an academician). So far, only Hu is a woman.
Chinese American Zhang.
Zhang 1948 was born in Shaanxi Province and lived in Taiwan Province with his parents shortly after his birth. She was smart since childhood, loved reading and had a soft spot for mathematics. After graduating from middle school, Zhang was admitted to the Department of Mathematics of the famous provincial university in Taiwan Province, and obtained his bachelor's degree with 1970. Not content with this, she was admitted to the University of California with excellent results to study for a doctorate in mathematics.
"Function" is the most basic and important concept in mathematics. A famous mathematician said that "the concept of function is the flower of modern mathematical thought". Its emergence and development essentially reflect the rapid development of modern mathematics, and it is also a supplement to the development of function theory and analytical mathematics. Zhang chose "function theory", one of the important frontier branches of modern mathematics, as her research object. Her tutor is a world-famous master of function theory, and she will go with the experts of function theory.
1974 Zhang received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, and then engaged in functional theory research in the United States. She dabbled in the advanced fields of function theory, such as analytic function on complex plane, multiple complex variable function, analytic function approximation of bounded function and so on. 1976, 28-year-old Zhang wrote a paper, and the characteristics of this kind of function have not been discovered all over the world. This paved the way for the famous mathematician Marshall to solve the famous Douglas conjecture in the second year. Zhang Yiming was a blockbuster. In 1977, she wrote another paper that surprised experts in function theory, proving that Marshall had conquered an undiscovered problem in Douglas conjecture. She established herself in the field of function theory dominated by all male mathematicians.