This is the basic skill of self-study ability. According to the survey of dozens of famous universities in the United States and the former Soviet Union, 20%~25% of the knowledge of those outstanding scientists comes from the school, and 75%~80% of the knowledge is obtained through work, self-study and scientific research after they leave the school. According to the laws of psychology, junior high school students are able to read, but due to the influence of intuitive imitation habits in primary school, many students mistake math textbooks for problem sets. Therefore, from the first day of junior high school, we should pay attention to correcting our wrong study habits, establish the correct concept that math textbooks also need reading, and pay attention to summing up how to read math textbooks.

1. Before each class, you must form the habit of previewing, and try to find out the questions you don't understand in the preview, so that you can attend the class with questions. Pay attention to how teachers read the text in class, and cultivate themselves to master how to analyze the key words, words and sentences in definitions and theorems and their connections with old knowledge.

2. Always sum up what you have learned and cultivate review habits. At first, you can summarize the content of a class or a unit with the teacher. After a stage, you can learn the text with your own questions according to the review outline put forward by the teacher, and finally transition to your own induction, prompting you to read the text repeatedly, review in time and learn new things.

Second, the habit of taking notes.

A good memory is better than a bad writing. Middle school mathematics is rich in content, and the classroom capacity is generally large. If you want to learn math well systematically, you should pay attention to cultivating the habit of taking notes in class from junior high school, which can also restrain your mind wandering and improve the efficiency of listening to classes. Generally speaking, in addition to recording the lecture outline, class notes mainly record the key points, ideas, methods and content summary explained by the teacher in the lecture. Pay special attention to write down some experiences and problems in class at any time. Listening is the basis of two aspects: listening and recording. Don't just focus on memory, which will affect your listening.

In order to improve the quality of class notes step by step, students should communicate appropriately and learn from each other.

Third, the habit of hands-on practice, cooperation and communication.

"Practice makes true knowledge". Hands-on practice can concentrate attention, improve learning interest and deepen the impression and understanding of the learning object. In hands-on practice, we can link the knowledge in books with practical things to form a correct and profound concept. In hands-on practice, you can use your brain and practice to gradually form and develop your own cognitive structure, and you can form skills and develop abilities. Develop the habit of "guessing before doing-experiment-calculation result-induction and summary" in hands-on practice.

"three people walk together, there must be a teacher." Students exchange their learning results with each other, express their opinions and learn from each other's strengths. It can realize the functions of brain, mouth and hand, stimulate thinking, activate atmosphere and arouse enthusiasm.

Fourth, work habits.

Math homework is an important link to consolidate math knowledge, stimulate learning interest and cultivate math ability. Some students regard homework as a burden, and only answer in a hurry based on the impression in class after class, often with a single solution; Some handwriting is scrawled, careless, irregular and even plagiarized. This missed the training opportunity and seriously affected the learning effect. We should correctly understand the purpose of doing homework and cultivate good homework habits. Good work habits should include:

1. Get into the habit of reading before homework. Before you do your homework, you should read and review the text carefully, and observe the problem-solving format, steps and methods of the examples. This is exactly "sharpening the knife and cutting the wood by mistake."

2. Develop the habit of examining questions. After reading the topic, first find out what kind of topic it is, what conditions it has, what characteristics it has, and so on.

3. Develop the habit of working independently. If there are special circumstances that can't be completed on schedule, you can explain the situation to the teacher: if you can't do it when you encounter problems, you can ask the teacher or classmates and finish it independently after understanding. Never copy to cope with the task.

4. Develop the habit of reflecting on homework. Many students do not pay attention to reviewing and reflecting on their homework, which leads to the formation of wrong practices in their minds. Some questions are wrong. The teacher has corrected them, but you are still wrong. That's the reason. In this way, there will be more mistakes in new knowledge and new homework. In order to consolidate the results of homework, students must give feedback on the previous day's homework before each new assignment. The feedback content includes: (1) topic type; (2) Ideas and methods to solve problems; (3) the cause of the problem; (4) error correction; (5) Collect mistakes (that is, collect your own mistakes in one place and mark the above four items so that you can correct them when reviewing in the future).

Five, thinking habits

Scientific thinking methods and good thinking habits are the key to developing intelligence and ability. Psychology tells us that the first stage is an important period for students to change from image thinking to abstract thinking. At this time, we must pay attention to the cultivation of good thinking habits. According to the characteristics of junior high school mathematics content, good thinking habits include logicality, thoroughness, divergence, convergence and reversion.

1. logic. This requires students to "answer with evidence" and avoid taking it for granted. In the process of reasoning and calculus, you can understand the basis of each step, don't write anything you don't understand, and try to understand before continuing reasoning and calculus.

2. thoroughness. This requires students to consider the problem comprehensively. For example, it is known that point C is on a straight line AB, with line segment AB=8cm and line segment BC=3cm. Find the length of line segment AC. Considering the problem comprehensively, it is necessary to discuss the point C on the line segment AB and the point C on the extension line of the line segment AB: when the point C is on the line segment AB, AC = AB-BC = 8-3 = 5 cm; When point C is on the extension of line AB, AC = AB+BC = 8+3 =11cm. To cultivate this habit, we should pay special attention to the situation and reasons of "easy to make mistakes or incomplete thinking" pointed out by the teacher in class.

3. divergence. This requires students to use a variety of methods to solve a problem. To cultivate this habit, we should pay special attention to the teacher's thinking method when talking about multiple solutions to one problem and the analysis when extending the problem, and strive to develop the habit of multiple solutions to one problem and changing one problem in the process of mathematics learning.

4. Convergence. This is a summary based on divergent thinking, in order to solve many problems. The comprehensive application of divergent thinking and convergent thinking can complement each other.

5. reversibility. This requires students to consider some formulas, laws and theorems in reverse. Such as calculation:

(-0.38)×4.58-0.62×4.58, the multiplication and division method can be applied in reverse, and a simple calculation method can be obtained.

Sixth, ask questions.

Confucius, a great educator in ancient China, has always advocated learning to know why, and even more, learning to know why. Ask not only "what" but also "why" about things.

Psychologists tell us that when people accept a new problem, they usually have a desire to find out the truth of the problem. Junior high school students should have psychological requirements to ask questions when they are active and curious. However, due to the outdated social psychology, they dare not "think" or "speak" about the problems they encounter, both in class and after class, which seriously stifles their personality and is not conducive to healthy growth. To reverse this situation, students are required to speak boldly, actively discuss and practice in class, think more and ask more questions in class logistics, and strive to create and cultivate good questioning habits. Students should know that teachers actually like diligent and inquisitive students, and cultivate the habit of asking questions at any time.

Cultivating study habits is a systematic project. It requires students' determination, perseverance and patience. Darwin said: "The most valuable knowledge is the knowledge about methods". Over time, methods have become a natural habit, so cultivating good study habits means mastering a key to open a treasure house of knowledge, which will release unparalleled energy.