First, the significance of reading guidance before class
(A situational guidance before class.
Reading guidance before class can help students develop good study habits. When students begin to learn, knowing the teaching content clearly in advance can not only save classroom learning time, but also make students look forward to the teaching content in preview, and students' attention will be more concentrated in class. Reading guidance before class needs teachers' professional guidance. Many students don't understand the correct methods of pre-class preparation, and regard pre-class preparation as rote memorization of class content or repetition of book content, which leads to the failure of pre-class preparation. According to the requirements of the syllabus, teachers should grasp the teaching focus and guide students to preview before class. Let students accurately grasp what they have learned in class, and mark doubts and key points to improve the efficiency of listening to lectures.
(2) Cultivate students' reading habits.
Because primary school students are young, they are more dependent on teachers. The teacher asked the students to read new lessons before class, and the students completed the learning tasks according to the teacher's arrangement. However, if the teacher only verbally asks the students to read the content of the new lesson, it will be difficult for the students to meet the teacher's requirements. Therefore, teachers must adhere to reading guidance according to the psychological characteristics of primary school students and cultivate students' good reading habits.
Second, "reading guidance before class" measures
(1) Take preventive measures under the correct guidance.
The development of autonomous learning mode is not the laissez-faire of students' learning, but the teachers give appropriate guidance in the teaching process and guide students to actively carry out learning according to methods. When students take the initiative to read textbooks, they will not understand some of the sentences thoroughly, and their understanding will be half-baked. Therefore, teachers should conduct in-depth research according to the actual content of the textbook and accumulate teaching experience. Before class, teachers should design some questions that students can come up with answers as long as they think, so as to expand their thinking.
For example, in division learning, when an integer is divided by an integer, the quotient is a decimal. In order to guide the students, the teacher asked them to consider why they should fill in zero in two vertical marks. To reveal the key points and difficulties in textbooks, it is best to ask difficult questions step by step, because if it is too difficult, students will give up learning because of its improper setting, and if it is too simple, students will lose interest in learning. Teachers should encourage students' correct answers in class, so that students can build confidence in success, and carry out group study according to the classroom situation, so as to create a good learning atmosphere in exchange and mutual assistance.
(2) Set goals and develop good study habits.
Under the influence of traditional teaching, students' awareness of learning ahead of time is not strong enough, and they feel nowhere to start with the new questions raised by teachers. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to the details of reading guidance before class, and the arrangement intention of teaching materials is obvious, so as to put forward different levels of learning goals and learning requirements.
For example, when learning the lesson of "Understanding Cuboids", the teacher can design a reading guide outline like this: (1) Let students take out cuboids and cubes respectively, and understand the composition of cuboids and cubes through watching, modeling, measuring and calculating. (2) Compare the differences between cuboids and cubes to understand the relationship between them. (3) Let the students make a rectangular box and a cubic box with cardboard, and tell the making process in detail. Let the students know the problems they need to solve according to the teacher's reading guidance before class. When setting questions, we should avoid setting vague questions, ensure the only answer to the questions, and take the principle of improving students' ability as an open question. Teachers should effectively organize students to discuss and exchange related issues in class.
(3) Give consideration to both advantages and disadvantages to inspire students' thinking.
When students enter the process of autonomous learning, teachers should help students with reading guidance before class, but teachers should take care of all kinds of students, put forward enlightening questions on the key and difficult points in teaching, cultivate students' broad thinking, stimulate students' curiosity, and let students express their views and opinions according to the actual situation in the classroom. For example, when studying the related content of "cost estimation", teachers ask students to design different schemes, cultivate students' habit of solving problems with multiple solutions to one problem, broaden students' learning ideas, solve many problems, and enhance students' ability to explore knowledge and problems actively.
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Reading guidance before class is the basis of improving the efficiency of mathematics teaching, and it is also an important way for students to develop good study habits. Teachers should do a good job in reading guidance according to the actual situation in the classroom during the teaching process. Under the guidance of teachers, students can learn to ask questions according to their own problems. When students are used to bringing questions into the classroom, they can truly understand the teaching content, truly realize autonomous learning, fundamentally change their learning state, and actively promote cooperative teaching mode in classroom teaching.