Peanut died on 19 10 and on 12 in June, 0985. International master of mathematics, academician of China Academy of Sciences, founder and pioneer of China's research in analytic number theory, matrix geometry, canonical group and self-safety function theory. He used to be Professor Tsinghua University and Head of the Department of Mathematics. Director, Institute of Mathematics, China Academy of Sciences. 1958, Hua was appointed vice-president of China University of Science and Technology and head of the Department of Applied Mathematics. 1978, Vice President of China Academy of Sciences. 1984 Hua was unanimously elected as a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences. He made unparalleled contributions to the development of mathematics in China. Mr. Hua's early research field was analytic number theory, and his achievements in analytic number theory were particularly famous. The internationally famous "China Analytic Number Theory School" is a school initiated by China, which has made many significant contributions to the distribution of prime numbers and Goldbach conjecture. His outstanding contributions to the theory of multiple complex variables and matrix geometry have influenced the development of mathematics in the world.

"I want to replace my imperfect legs with a sound mind."

19101012 A baby boy was born in a small grocery store in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province. The owner, Hua Laoxiang, was overjoyed to have a son at the age of 40. He carefully put the baby in a laundry list and covered it with another laundry list, saying that it was "the same age as Geng" and named his son "Luo Geng".

When Hua was in primary school, his grades were not outstanding and he barely passed math. The headmaster talked to him, hoping that he would cherish the hard-won learning opportunity. The headmaster's words determined him to catch up. Since then, Hua has put away his entertainment and devoted himself to his studies. At first, it took two hours to solve the math problems that other students could solve in an hour. Later, the situation reversed: it took only half an hour or less to solve the problem that others needed an hour to solve. By the time he graduated from junior high school, Hua had jumped to the second place in his class.

1925, after graduating from junior high school in China, he was unable to enter senior high school because of his poor family, so he had to study accounting in the Chinese vocational school founded by Huang Yanpei in Shanghai in order to find a job similar to accounting to support his family. In less than a year, due to the high cost of living, Hua was forced to drop out of school and return to Jintan to help his father manage the grocery store. In the monotonous life of standing at the counter, he began to teach himself mathematics. When he returned to his hometown, he continued to study mathematics while working for his father in a grocery store with only a small facade. Recalling the scene of studying hard at that time, Hua Lianqing, Hua's sister, said: "Although it was winter, Luo Geng was still reading math books at the cashier's desk. Snuff running down, he wiped his nose with his left hand and threw it aside. He didn't get rid of it, so he stretched out his right hand and kept writing ... "

At this time, Hua stood in front of the counter. When the customer came, he helped his father do business, do abacus and keep accounts. As soon as the customer left, he buried himself in reading and solving math problems. Sometimes I am in a daze, forget to receive the customer, and even take the calculation result as the payment payable by the customer, which surprises the customer. Because similar inexplicable things often happen, after a long time, his neighbors treat him as a joke, and everyone has nicknamed him "Luo Daku".

Whenever something happens that neglects customers, my father is angry and anxious, saying that he is too tired to read the "heavenly book" and wants to burn the book forcibly. When there is an argument, Hua always clings to the book.

1929, a plague occurred in Jintan, and China unfortunately got typhoid fever. He stayed in bed all day for half a year. Although he recovered later, his leg was disabled. This year, Hua 19 years old. Hua, who was seriously ill, completed all the math courses in his senior year, freshman year and sophomore year. Because of the disability of his left leg, Hua must draw a big circle on his left leg before he can take a small step on his right leg. For this strange and laborious step, Hua also humorously called it "the movement of circle and tangent". In the face of adversity, he stubbornly fought against fate. He said, "I want to replace my unhealthy legs with a sound mind."

Few people can understand Hua's ambition and behavior. Like countless outstanding talents all over the world, the more difficult it is, the stronger the determination to overcome it. In the process of pursuing mathematical truth, Walker overcame difficulties and obstacles unimaginable to ordinary people. Without time, he got into the habit of getting up early and was good at using his spare time and mental arithmetic. Without books, he developed the habit of diligent hands-on and independent thinking. This habit remained until his later years.

"I went to England to study."

1930 One day, Xiong Qinglai, head of the Department of Mathematics at Tsinghua University, was sitting in his office reading Science magazine. A paper entitled "Why can't the solution of Su Jiaju's algebraic quintic equation be established" deeply attracted him. The author of this paper points out the mistakes made by Su Jiaju, a university professor, in an algebraic operation. The article is very talented, but the author of the article is a name Xiong Qinglai has never seen before. Xiong qinglai was puzzled and subconsciously asked, "which country is this Chinese student?" Everyone around shook their heads. "Which university does he teach at?" People looked at each other. What a coincidence. Just then, a teacher from Jiangsu province appeared. He remembered that his brother had a classmate named Hua, so he replied, "Which university did this Hua teach at? He only went to junior high school and heard that he worked as a clerk in Jintan Middle School. " Xiong qinglai was surprised. A person who graduated from junior high school must be a genius to write such a profound mathematical paper. He immediately decided to invite Hua to Tsinghua University.

Since then, Hua has become a teaching assistant in the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University. Here, he is like a duck to water, swimming in the ocean of mathematics every day, leaving only five or six hours of sleep for himself. It's hard to believe that flowers have developed the habit of reading books after turning off the lights. Of course, he has no special function, but a logical thinking activity in his mind. He took a book and put it under the lamp, looked at the topic and thought for a while, then turned off the lamp and lay in bed, closed his eyes and meditated, and began to do the problems in his mind. Turn over and get out of bed when you encounter difficulties, and open your books for a while. In this way, a book that takes ten days and a half months to finish, he finished it in one or two nights. Hua is regarded as a rare assistant.

The following year, his papers began to be published in famous mathematical magazines at home and abroad. Tsinghua University broke the precedent and decided to promote Huawei teaching assistants with only junior high school education.

A few years later, Hua was sent to Cambridge University in England to study. But he doesn't want to be a doctor, he just wants to be a visiting scholar, because it can break through the shackles and study seven or eight subjects at the same time. He said, "I came to study in England, not to get a degree."

Hua didn't get a doctorate. But during his two years in Cambridge, he wrote 20 papers. On the level, every article can get a doctorate. In one of the studies on "the problem in the tower", his theory was named "Fahrenheit theorem" by the mathematical community.

The only diploma of this master of mathematics in his life is actually the junior high school diploma of Xinjian Middle School in his hometown. Success is not based on academic qualifications, but on the degree of hard work and study. On the road to success, only those who work hard, struggle and devote themselves to the cause they love can win the final victory.

"For the sake of the nation, we should go back."

During the period of 1938, the whole China was already in flames of war. In this year, Hua completed his scheduled study plan in Britain and then returned to China. When he set out, his friends advised him not to take risks and to stay in a British university to teach math and physics, which would be very popular. But China must go to the national disaster with its compatriots. So he returned to National Southwest Associated University and became a professor in China. During the Anti-Japanese War, Kunming was the key bombing city of the Japanese army. Once, Hua was buried alive in a bomb shelter by a Japanese plane. At that time, Hua was discussing mathematics with Min Sihe and others. When the students dug up Hua, they found that his glasses were missing, and the second half of his robe was missing. He coughed up blood. In such an environment, Hua was still intoxicated with the beauty of mathematics and wrote the theory of heap prime numbers. Even today, all the works written by Hua in such an environment are still classics in the world of mathematics.

1In the autumn of 946, at the invitation of Professor Weil of Princeton University, Hua went abroad again for an academic visit to the United States. During his four years in the United States, he expanded his research direction and carefully studied applied mathematics, especially electronic computers. You know, the first computer in the world was just born. From 65438 to 0949, the birth of New China touched China's love for the motherland. At this time, Hua has been hired as a tenured professor by the University of Illinois with a high salary, and his family has a house and a car to settle in the United States, and life is very comfortable.

Many people think that Hua will not come back. However, no one expected that China was eager to return to its motherland as soon as possible. In the end, Hua gave up the superior living conditions in the United States, overcame all kinds of difficulties brought by the American government, and returned to China with his family. 1950 In February, on the ship returning to China, Hua wrote "An Open Letter to Students Studying in the United States", in which he frankly revealed a childlike heart that loves China: friends! I will go back before you. Although Liangyuan is good, it is not a place to live for a long time. Come back ... for our country, we should go back. This year, Hua was 40 years old. Although mathematics has no national boundaries, mathematicians have their own motherland. 1950 March 16, Hua came to Beijing with his wife and children.

The Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences was established and Chen Jingrun was discovered.

Hua returned to Tsinghua campus, served as the head of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University, and taught his latest research achievement "Typical Group Theory". Then, at the invitation of Guo Moruo, President of China Academy of Sciences, he started to build a mathematical research institute. 1952 In July, the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences was established, with him as its director. During his time in charge of the Institute of Mathematics, Hua opened up the direction of analytic number theory, typical group theory and other fields. The Chinese organization has written such works as Typical Groups and Harmonic Analysis of Typical Fields in the Theory of Functions of Multiple Complex Variables. The process of research is also the process of cultivating students. Twenty years ago, when he first stepped onto the podium in Tsinghua, he was just a teaching assistant, a disabled youth without any academic qualifications, a professor in Tsinghua University, and a pair of discerning eyes, which gave China the conditions to grow up, just like the mathematics kingdom was full of splendid treasures. This kind of thing often happens after liberation.

1956 One day, a young man named Chen Jingrun wrote to China, suggesting to improve some results in the fourth chapter with the methods in the fifth chapter of his heap element theory, and China appreciated it very much. Like Hua, Chen Jingrun is just a librarian at Xiamen University. Hua immediately invited Chen Jingrun to attend the national report meeting of mathematics papers, and asked him to give an academic report at the meeting. History is such a coincidence that Xiong Qinglai's understanding of China is interpreted between him and Chen Jingrun. Chen Jingrun thus came to Beijing and entered the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences. 10 years later, Chen Jingrun completed Goldbach's conjecture and reached the peak of the mathematical kingdom. Whenever recalling this history, Chen Jingrun always says gratefully: "I am the first and last young man transferred by Mr. Hua through the back door!" Wherever Chen Jingrun goes, he will proudly mention "My Teacher Hua" to others.

In just a few years after returning to China, Hua has achieved fruitful results in the field of mathematics. His paper "On Functions of Multiple Complex Variables in Typical Fields" won the first prize of national invention in June 1957, and has been published in Chinese, Russian and English versions. 1957 published Introduction to Number Theory; 1959 The Estimation of Exponential Sum and Its Application in Number Theory was published in German, and later in Russian and Chinese. 1963, Hua and his student Wan Zhexian published the book Typical Groups. In order to cultivate teenagers' enthusiasm for learning mathematics, he initiated and organized a mathematics competition for middle school students in Beijing. He personally participated in the problem setting, invigilation and marking, and repeatedly went to other places to publicize this activity. He also wrote a series of popular math books, which had a great influence on teenagers. He advocated cultivating academic atmosphere and conducting academic discussions in scientific research. He initiated the establishment of China Institute of Computer Technology, and was also one of the earliest scientists who advocated the development of electronic computers in China.

From junior high school graduation to people's mathematician, Hua has gone through a tortuous and brilliant life path and won great honor for his motherland.

Popularize optimization method and master planning method.

1958 is a fiery era. Under the situation of the Great Leap Forward, many scientists went out of research institutes to look for topics in actual production. Born in poverty, Hua sincerely hopes that his profound knowledge can directly serve industrial and agricultural production and life. Dan Hua's specialty is number theory, complex variable function theory, matrix geometry and so on. How can these advanced mathematical theories be directly related to industrial and agricultural production? He is deeply distressed that intellectuals should combine theory with practice. Hua sent out such a feeling: "The road is as wide as the blue sky, and I can't walk out alone." Hua began to analyze various branches of mathematics and tried to solve practical problems with mathematics.

By chance, Hua attended the memorial service of a soldier who sacrificed himself for the success of a blasting job. This incident greatly stimulated China. He said: "Why can't we make his quality 100% successful in the process of producing detonators?" Therefore, Hua proposed to optimize the process. China's overall planning method and optimization method were forced out in this way.