2 Chu Meng: Rectangular wedge with a rectangular bottom and trapezoidal sides, also known as Chu Mei (H! nɡ).
③ Turtle: A cone with a right triangle bottom and one side perpendicular to the bottom.
④ Ma Yang: a pyramid with four corners, sometimes referring to a pyramid with a rectangular bottom and vertical edges.
⑤ Cubes: This article refers to cubes.
⑥ Multiply the vertical height: multiply the vertical height of the trapezoid surface, which means the value obtained by multiplying the height by the previous sentence (the upper and lower widths of the trapezoid are added and divided by two). At this point, the area of this trapezoid is actually obtained, which also prepares for the next step of multiplying the length to get the volume of the object.
⑦ Poppy: an ancient ceramic container with a small belly and a big mouth.
⑧ Other columns: This article refers to other calculations.
9 Reorder: List separately.
Attending rounding method: rounding method, an approximate method for calculating the arc length of arc bow created by Shen Kuo. The approximate formula is C=a+h2r×6, where r is the radius, h is the rising height and a is the chord length. Shen Kuo did not give the derivation of this formula, which is probably closely related to the "arc field technique" in "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic".
Don't: another, another. There was no word "another" in ancient times, and it was often written in the place of "another".
Multiplication: In this paper, chords and chords are squared separately.
It's the same as cutting again: it's the same as cutting again.
Subtract the arc that has been cut, and the arc that has been cut again is also: (using the total arc length) Subtract the arc length of the cut part, which is the arc length of the site that has been cut again.
Step: ancient unit of measurement, one step is five feet.
Micromachining technology: a more accurate calculation method.
Chi: Remember, describe it. Meng Qianbi's talk includes bi talk, bi talk and continuous bi talk. The twenty-six volumes of Bi Tan are divided into seventeen chapters, which are "story, dialectics, music, image, personnel, government, wit, art, calligraphy and painting, skill, utility, magic, strangeness, fallacy, ridicule, magazine and medical discussion" in turn. "Bu Bi Tan" consists of three volumes, including eleven articles mentioned above. "Continued Talk" is a volume, regardless of the door. The book contains 609 articles (slightly different in different versions), covering astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography, meteorology, medicine, agriculture, engineering technology, literature, history, music and art, etc. Among these projects, they belong to humanities such as anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and music. About18% of all projects; Natural science accounts for about 36% of the book, and personnel information, military affairs, law and anecdotes account for about 46% of the book.
In terms of nature, Meng Qian Bitan belongs to the category of notes. In terms of content, more than one-third of the space is used to describe and expound natural science knowledge, which is rare in notebook writing.
Meng Qian Bi Tan recorded in detail the outstanding contributions of working people in science and technology and their own research results, and reflected the brilliant achievements of natural science in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty. Gap product is selected from Shen Kuo Meng Xi's Written Talks and Skills.
Shen Kuo was a scientist and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. In his later years, he wrote a notebook masterpiece "Meng Qian Bi Tan" in Zhenjiang Meng Xi Park. A very knowledgeable scientist, one of the most outstanding scientists in Chinese history. Be proficient in astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, geography, agriculture and medicine; He is also an outstanding engineer and an outstanding diplomat.
Shen Kuo's scientific achievements are manifold. He devoted himself to astronomy and advocated a new calendar similar to today's solar calendar. In physics, he recorded the principle of compass and various production methods; The existence of magnetic declination was discovered more than 400 years before Europe. The principle of concave mirror imaging is expounded. The law of * * * vibration is also studied. In mathematics, he founded "gap product" (second-order arithmetic progression summation method) and "meeting circle" (knowing the diameter of the circle and the height of the bow, finding the chord and arc length of the bow). In geology, he studied the formation of alluvial plain and water erosion, and put forward the name of oil for the first time. In medicine, there are many records of effective prescriptions and many medical works. In addition, he also recorded the scientific development and production technology at that time, such as movable type printing and metal smelting method invented by Bi Sheng.