In the 20th century, probability statistics gradually became the basic content of mathematics education. Probability and statistics entered the university mathematics education for the first time, which not only became the basic courses of university mathematics, applied mathematics and computational mathematics. It has also become a basic course for many majors. Many universities make it an elective course. In the mid-20th century, probability statistics gradually became the main content of primary and secondary school learning. At present, we have entered the era of big data. In order to adapt to the development and progress of society and science and technology, the content of "probability statistics" has become the basic course of college mathematics education. In senior high school, "probability statistics" has become the main line of mathematics curriculum, and the probability content has become more and more important, which plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating students' random concepts and improving their core literacy. The main educational function of probability course is to cultivate students' ability to analyze random phenomena and improve their abilities of mathematical abstraction and mathematical modeling. "Data analysis" is defined as the core literacy of mathematics in "Mathematics Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High Schools" (20 17 edition).
The curriculum design of probability and statistics in Mathematics Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High Schools (version 20 17) has changed greatly in terms of content selection, system structure and learning requirements. The new textbook reconstructs the textbook structure system of probability and statistics. In probability, random events are understood through sample space, and the probability of random events is calculated by classical probability, so as to understand the essence and algorithm of probability. In statistics, we should highlight the statistical characteristics of solving practical problems through data analysis, pay attention to let students experience the whole process of data processing, and realize the statistical idea of estimating the whole population with samples.
In primary and secondary schools, students are required to learn and master classical probability, geometric probability, binomial distribution, hypergeometric distribution and so on. Understand the normal distribution and gradually understand the limited sample space, laying the foundation for learning the probability space. In statistics, students are required to learn and master independence test and regression analysis. Statistical thinking is different from traditional mathematical thinking. The latter pays more attention to deductive reasoning, while the former uses inductive reasoning.
The main line of probability statistics is to understand and recognize the main line of probability statistics by preparing knowledge, probability and statistics. Among them, preparation knowledge includes counting principle, binomial theorem and other core contents. Probability includes limited sample space, randomness, independence and conditional probability, random variables and other core contents; Statistics includes some basic concepts, "the whole process of data analysis, several basic problems" and other core contents.