Dyslexia, also known as dyslexia, is one of the most common special learning difficulties. According to the definition of the International Dyslexia Association, dyslexia is a learning disability. This is a specific language barrier, which stems from the lack of text decoding ability, usually reflected in the voice processing ability.

This decoding ability has nothing to do with age, other cognitive abilities and academic abilities, nor is it caused by general developmental or sensory disorders. In addition to reading ability, dyslexia can also affect other language-related abilities, such as writing and spelling.

Features:

1. IQ is normal, even above average, but the school performance is lower than expected;

2. I feel that I am a "fool" with inferiority or self-confidence;

3. Easily feel depressed or emotional, and often avoid reading or testing;

4. Often distracted or in a daze, easy to get lost or have no feeling of the passage of time (attention deficit);

5. When writing or reading, there will be additions, omissions, word changes (words), repeated reading, backwards writing or typos-whether numbers or Chinese/English words;

6. Up, down, left and right are sometimes confused;

7. There is no concept of time or it is difficult to master time, to be punctual and to learn sequential tasks or knowledge;

8. Incorrect pronunciation, inverted pronunciation or incomplete pronunciation;

9. Working memory is poor, so sometimes it is not easy to understand things by yourself.

Extended data:

Countries and regions with high incidence of dyslexia: The incidence of dyslexia in English-speaking countries is 5%, which is equivalent to that in Chinese mainland, and the incidence in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao is 65,438+00%, which is higher than that in English-speaking countries and Chinese mainland.

Dyslexia originates from the nervous system and is a familial difficulty in learning or processing a language. According to individual differences, the severity will be different, and it is common that language, reading, writing, spelling, writing and mathematics have difficulties in repetition and expression. These problems are not directly caused by lack of motivation, sensory impairment, inappropriate teaching skills and environment. This is an abnormal neuropsychological function, which affects nearly 10-20% of the population to varying degrees.

However, dyslexia is not necessarily related to personal intelligence, but reflects a problem on the road to intelligence. People with dyslexia do not mean that they can't read or have insufficient IQ; However, due to the communication barriers between the brain and the cerebellum, the learning process of these people will be extremely difficult. Unless the problem of reading and writing is solved, these people are likely to avoid everything related to reading, writing or spelling, avoid communicating with others and stay away from the crowd.

Baidu encyclopedia-dyslexia