Newton and Leibniz independently developed calculus and created their own unique symbols. The generalized binomial theorem is Newton's recognized achievement, which is applicable to any power. He discovered Newton's identity and Newton's method, classified cubic curves (bivariate cubic polynomials), made great contributions to finite difference theory, and obtained the solution of Diophantine equation by using fractional exponent and coordinate geometry for the first time. 1669, he was awarded Lucas professor of mathematics. From 1670 to 1672, Newton was responsible for teaching optics. From this work, he drew the following conclusion: any refracting telescope will be affected by the light scattering into different colors. In order to avoid this problem, he invented the reflective telescope (now called Newton telescope). 1704, Newton wrote "optics", which elaborated the particle theory of light in detail. From 65438 to 0679, Newton mainly studied gravity and its influence on planetary orbits and Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and discussed mechanics with Hooke and Flamsteed. He attributed his achievement to the book Motion of Objects in Orbit (1684), which contains a preliminary law of motion formed in principle later. Because of the "principle", Newton was widely recognized internationally and won a large group of supporters: Newton established a very close relationship with the Swiss mathematician Nicolas Fatio Diu Lei until their friendship broke down in 1693. The end of this friendship made Newton suffer from neurasthenia. Due to the limitation of the times, Newton was basically a metaphysical mechanical materialist. He thinks that movement is only the movement of mechanical mechanics, and it is the change of spatial position; The universe is like the sun; Because of gravity, the star is always fixed in a constant position. With the improvement of his popularity, Newton's political status has also been significantly improved. 1689 was elected as a representative of the National Congress University. As a congressman, Newton gradually alienated the science that brought him great achievements. From time to time, he showed disgust at the field he represented. At the same time, he spent a lot of time arguing with Hooke, Leibniz and other famous contemporary scientists about the priority of science. Newton lived a luxurious life in London in his later years. 1705, he was made an aristocrat by Queen Anne. Newton was very rich at this time and was regarded as the greatest scientist alive. He was the chairman of the Royal Society. During his twenty-four years in office, he ruled the society with an iron fist. No one can take part in the election without his consent. He also began to devote himself to the study of theology. He denied the guiding role of philosophy, sincerely believed in God, and buried himself in writing theological works. When he met the inexplicable celestial movement, he actually put forward the fallacy of "God's first driving force". He said, "God rules all things, and we are his servants, so we fear him." . 1March 3, 7271day, the great Newton passed away. Like many outstanding Englishmen, he was buried in Westminster Abbey. At that time, seeing great British figures competing to carry Newton's coffin, Voltaire said with emotion: "The British mourn Newton, just like mourning a king who benefited the people." In his epitaph to Newton, the poet Pope wrote such a famous saying: Nature and its laws are hidden in darkness, and God said, man was born to be Newton! Therefore, the world is full of light.