Nine Chapters Arithmetic is the earliest existing mathematical work in China and the crystallization of mathematicians since the Western Han Dynasty. The officially written chapter also introduces negative numbers and their addition and subtraction algorithms for the first time in the history of world mathematics. Nine Chapters of Arithmetic is the first mathematical monograph in ancient China, and it is the most important of the ten computational classics, which was formed around the first century A.D.; The book is very rich in content and systematically summarizes the mathematical achievements in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties. At the same time, Nine Chapters Arithmetic has its unique achievements in mathematics. It not only mentioned the problem of score at the earliest, but also recorded the problem of surplus and deficiency at the earliest. Zhang Equation also expounded the negative number and its addition and subtraction algorithm for the first time in the history of world mathematics. It is a comprehensive historical work and the most concise and effective applied mathematics in the world at that time. Its appearance marks the formation of a complete system of ancient mathematics in China.