Kovalevskaya (свковалевская, 1850-65438), the first female professor in the world. She excellently solved the problem that solids revolve around fixed points, and several algebras and physicists in the world have struggled for centuries. From 65438 to 0888, Kovalevskaya's paper "On the Rotation of a Rigid Body Around a Fixed Point under the Action of Gravity" won the Borodin Prize of the French Academy of Sciences.
Sophia Kovalevskaya was born in Moscow on June 65438, 0850 +051October 65438. Her father, Krukovski, was a lieutenant general in the Russian army, and her grandfather, a descendant of the Hungarian king, was an astronomer and mathematician. In order to marry a beautiful bohemian woman wandering around, she lost her position as a prince. Sophia spent her childhood and girlhood at Baribano Farm near the Lithuanian border.
At the age of eight, Sophia's tutor found that she was particularly good at math and was good at creating her own unique methods. As a teenager, Sophia often taught herself some advanced mathematics knowledge. 1In the autumn of 866, 16-year-old Sophia came to Petersburg with her parents. Here, she finished advanced mathematics under the guidance of strano Lyubowski, a famous educator, but she couldn't enter the university because women were not allowed to enter institutions of higher learning in Russia at that time.
In order to leave the autocratic family, Kovalevskaya forged his marriage with paleontologist and geologist Ke Valevski in 1868. 1869, he and his "husband" moved to Germany (they really got married later, because they got to know each other better after spending more time together). After overcoming many difficulties, Sophia finally entered the University of Heidelberg, studied mathematics with mathematician Professor Koenigsberg, and listened to the physics class of the great physicist Helmholtz. Koenigsberg often praised his teacher Wilstrass in class. He was called "the father of mathematical analysis", which aroused Sophia's reverence for the master of mathematics. She decided to go to Berlin. 1870, 20-year-old Sophia worked hard to come to Berlin and personally visited the world famous mathematician-Wilstras. During her four years in Berlin, she not only completed all college courses, but also completed three important papers. These three papers have made important contributions to the study of partial differential equation theory, Abel integral and Saturn's ring shape. 1874, the University of G? ttingen in Germany awarded her the highest honorary doctorate in philosophy, and Sophia became the first female doctor in the field of mathematics in history. Sophia is 24 years old.
1in the spring of 883, her husband committed suicide because of bankruptcy, and she bravely shouldered the burden of life. With the help of my friends, I was hired as a lecturer at Stockholm University by 1883. The local newspaper Democracy reported her arrival in the following words: "Today we are not reporting the arrival of a vulgar prince ... Mrs. Ke Valevski, the princess of science, is coming to our city. She will become the first female lecturer in Sweden. " In the first year, she still taught the theory of partial differential equations in German, and in the second year, she was able to teach in Swedish. During this period, she has taught twelve courses in mathematics, mechanics, astronomy and other subjects. 1889, she was appointed as a tenured professor at Stockholm University, becoming the first female professor in the world.
Sophia studied the rotation of a rigid body around a fixed point during her tenure at Stockholm University. This achievement won the "Baoting Award" from 65438 to 0888 by the Paris Academy of Sciences. At the time of judging, the judges thought that this paper comprehensively solved the problems of this subject in various situations and had high scientific value, and unanimously agreed to increase the original prize amount from 3000 francs to 5000 francs. Later, because of the improvement of the results, this work won the 1889 Swedish Academy Science Award.
Although Sophia has a high status and honor abroad, the czar government still refuses to let her go back to work. With the efforts of a group of scholars headed by Chebyshev, Sophia Kovalevskaya was officially adopted as a communication academician by the Physics Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences in June 1889+0 1, which is the first female scientist in history to be awarded the title of academician of the Academy of Sciences.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/890, Sophia returned to Russia, hoping to find a job in China, but she still failed. On the way back to Sweden, I got pneumonia because of a cold, and I can't afford to get sick from now on. 189 10 February 10, the great female mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya died in Stockholm at the age of 4 1 year.